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Harja YD, Sarno R. Determine the best option for nearest medical services using Google maps API, Haversine and TOPSIS algorithm. In: 2018 international conference on information and communications technology (ICOIACT), 6–7 March 2018; 2018. p. 814–9. Williams LR, Fox DR, Bishop-Hurley GJ, Swain DL. Use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to record grazing beef cattle water point use. Comput Electron Agric. 2019;156:193–202.
In R, to determine accurate lengths of time between values, it is best to save date and time variables together as POSIX class [ 173]. Creating timestamp (TS) objects with POSIXct class enables greater control and manipulation of time data. This makes computing the rolling time difference ( \({\text{TD}}\); units in seconds) between data points simple (R 42):Within the tilt-compensated compass framework, this is the conversion of the magnetic vector values through multiplying by the transpose (inverse) of the pitch and then roll rotation matrices. Distance correction factor Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa Wilson JW, Mills MG, Wilson RP, Peters G, Mills ME, Speakman JR, Durant SM, Bennett NC, Marks NJ, Scantlebury M. Cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus, balance turn capacity with pace when chasing prey. Biol Lett. 2013;9(5):20130620. Lewis JS, Rachlow JL, Garton EO, Vierling LA. Effects of habitat on GPS collar performance: using data screening to reduce location error. J Appl Ecol. 2007;44(3):663–71.
DataCamp's innovative and immersive courses make learning R fun and engaging. Plus, you can learn at your own speed, from anywhere in the world.Potts J, Börger L, Scantlebury DM, Bennett NC, Alagaili A, Wilson RP. Finding turning-points in ultra-high-resolution animal movement data. Methods Ecol Evol. 2018;9(10):2091–101. Here, w should be replaced with the window width of choice (e.g., for 20 Hz data and a smoothing of 2 s required, replace w with 40). We use a centre-aligned index (compared to the rolling window of observations), with “extend” to indicate repetition of the leftmost or rightmost non-NA value (though fill can equally be set as NA, 0, etc.).
Swain DL, Wark T, Bishop-Hurley GJ. Using high fix rate GPS data to determine the relationships between fix rate, prediction errors and patch selection. Ecol Model. 2008;212(3):273–9.
Leonardo M, Noss AJ, Erika C, Damián IR. Ocelot ( Felis pardalis) population densities, activity, and ranging behaviour in the dry forests of eastern Bolivia: data from camera trapping. J Trop Ecol. 2005;21(3):349–53. Wiltschko R. Magnetic orientation in animals, vol. 33. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. Note, if a negative c intercept is used (e.g., to allow for some body movement without translation), then any negative speed values would need to be equated to zero as an additional step.
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