Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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Note: It seems that the majority of the following regiments did not receive flags until 1805 and those would probably be of the 1803 pattern, however I have included them here for completeness. different Viking flags based on Ian Heath's artwork for the Foundry Shield designs, which were based on contemporary carvings, descriptions and illustrations.

Elting, John R (1988). Swords Around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande Armée. New York: Da Capo Press Inc. ISBN 0-306-80757-2. Although France had already established a colonial empire overseas since the early 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the First Empire to distinguish it from the restorationist Second Empire (1852–1870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III. Decree of adoption of the flag of the Napoleonic Italian Republic Flag of the Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814) I recommend that you flood fill the 'transparent' colour with which I have surronded most of the flag images, usually light green or turquoise, with plain white before printing the flag sheets as white is easier to cover if you are inaccurate in your cutting out. Obviously the flags are too large to be used 'as is' and will need to be further scaled down to suit the wargame figure size in use. Miniatures from different manufacturers do tend to vary slightly in size, even within the same scale. The user should determine their prefered overall scale. For 25mm figures the widely accepted scale is 1:72 this means that the flags need to be reduced to this scale size when printed. Another consideration is that I have scaled the staff section of the flags (the wrap around bit) to be approx 3mm wide when reduced to my favourite size which is fine for the straightened paper clips I use as flag staffs. Users can easily adjust this size by cutting and moving the flags sections in or out from the center and filling as required.

USING THE PRINTED FLAGS

Broers, Michael; etal., eds. (2012). The Napoleonic Empire and the New European Political Culture. ISBN 978-0230241312. Tarozzi, Fiorenza; Vecchio, Giorgio (1999). Gli italiani e il tricolore (in Italian). Il Mulino. ISBN 88-15-07163-6. Pope, Stephen (1999). The Cassel Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. Cassel. ISBN 978-0-304-35229-6. Colton, Joel; Palmer, R.R. (1992). A History of the Modern World. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN 0-07-040826-2.

As a symbolic recognition of the Montechiarugolo clash, and for the event related to the tree of liberty, Napoleon suggested to the deputies of the Cispadan cities (Reggio, Modena, Bologna and Ferrara) to gather for their first congress assembly on 27 December 1796 in Reggio Emilia. [45] The congresses of the Cispadane Republic and the adoption of the tricolour [ edit ] Giuseppe Compagnoni, the "father of the Italian flag" In the War of the Third Coalition, Napoleon swept away the remnants of the old Holy Roman Empire and created in southern Germany the vassal states of Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Saxony, which were reorganised into the Confederation of the Rhine. The Treaty of Pressburg, signed on 26 December 1805, extracted extensive territorial concessions from Austria, on top of a large financial indemnity. Napoleon's creation of the Kingdom of Italy, the occupation of Ancona, and his annexation of Venetia and its former Adriatic territories marked a new stage in the French Empire's progress. On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French ( Empereur des Français, pronounced [ɑ̃.pʁœʁ de fʁɑ̃.sɛ]) by the French Sénat conservateur and was crowned on 2 December 1804, [8] signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic. Despite his coronation, the state continued to be formally called the "French Republic" until October 1808. The empire achieved military supremacy in mainland Europe through notable victories in the War of the Third Coalition against Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, and allied states, notably at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. [9] French dominance was reaffirmed during the War of the Fourth Coalition, at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806 and the Battle of Friedland in 1807, [10] before Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

A vast undertaking by John Stallaert, full of useful information and sources on uniforms of the period.

Chandler, David G (1995). The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-02-523660-1. In 1813 a new pattern flag was produced, however the 1800 and 1803 pattern flags continued in use and few of the new pattern appear to have been issued. Regiments known to have received the new pattern flags were: Pernov, Kaluga, Okhotsk, Kamchatka, Riazski and Tambov. Only coloured flags were issued to these regiments and these all had green crosses with white corners and were colours of St George. From August 1814 the white flags were abolished and the regiments were to have only one coloured flag per battalion. It is unlikely that this directive had been completely complied with by the end of the Napoleonic period. Organization and regulations for the National Guard of the Cisalpine Republic Map of northern and central Italy in 1799 Uffindell, Andrew (2003). Great Generals of the Napoleonic Wars. Kent: Spellmount. ISBN 1-86227-177-1. Vecchio, Giorgio (2003). "Il tricolore". Almanacco della Repubblica (in Italian). Bruno Mondadori. pp.42–55. ISBN 88-424-9499-2.Bell, David A (2008). The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It. Ocr tesseract 5.3.0-3-g9920 Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1.0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 1.0000 Ocr_module_version 0.0.21 Ocr_parameters -l eng Old_pallet IA409054 Openlibrary_edition



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