The performance of a small-molecule based sunscreen could be influenced by the presence of ZnO particles either via intentional mixing in hybrid sunscreens (containing both small-molecule and mineral UV-filters) or through incidental mixing when cosmetics and/or different sunscreens are used in combination. While metal oxide particles have been documented to generate ROS and induce small-molecule degradation [ 15, 16, 17], little attention has been paid to how this may affect sunscreen toxicity. To investigate this, one small-molecule based UV-filter mixture was examined with two different sizes of ZnO particles added. Of the five small-molecule-based mixtures examined in this work, mixture 1 was the most representative of current commercial formulations, with relevance in both the US and EU markets, so we used this mixture as the model for studies with ZnO particles.

Maugh, T. H. (2011, June 15). FDA issues new rules for sunscreen labeling. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/health/la-xpm-2011-jun-15-la-0615-sunscreens-20110615-story.html. Accessed 26 Mar 2021. Speaking of fragrances, did you know that “fragrance-free” is not the same as “unscented?” Read about the difference between them here. Parabens Ultra-light liquid formula blends in easily for a flawless finish without the greasy feel and minimal whitening on most skin tonesIf you’ve been searching for sunscreen ingredients that are safe for the whole family, you might have come across the term “non-nano zinc oxide” multiple times before. But what does it mean? And more importantly, what makes it so special? A diaper rash cream can coat and penetrate the skin, preventing moisture and irritants from further affecting the skin. It may also help the skin heal. If you are swimming or doing intense workouts causing sweat, it may need to be applied more often. IS HOMEMADE SUNSCREEN DANGEROUS?

When it comes to homemade sunscreen, it is next to impossible to know the exact SPF as it has not been tested. However, it is also made from all-natural ingredients that will nourish your skin instead of filling your body with toxins.Cons: Strong natural sunscreen scent, skin should be well moisturized for this to spread evenly and absorb well In addition to eliminating the risk of being absorbed into the skin, non-nano zinc oxide is also the safest choice for marine life and coral reefs. Zinc oxide (in its non-nano form) has been shown to not harm marine wildlife. BASF Care Creations TINOSORB ® A2B. https://www.carecreations.basf.com/product-formulations/product-highlights/product-highlights-detail/TINOSORBA2B/30478125. Accessed 4 Aug 2021. Fierce Nature Sun Balm is made with pure organic tallow and can be used as a daily face cream during the summer and for face and body during periods of high sun exposure. Non Nano Zinc oxide combined with the fat soluble vitamins and antioxidants of tallow, naturally help prevent and protect from sun damage without the harsh chemicals. UV–Vis absorbance spectra are informative for assessing UV-filters because they not only provide data on ingredient degradation but also on product performance. The efficacy of a small-molecule based sunscreen can be determined by its UV–Vis absorbance. A sunscreen product should have good absorbance throughout the entire UV-A and UV-B regions (280–400 nm) and if the mixture is photostable then the absorbance spectrum should not decrease or change shape after exposure to UV irradiation.

Some believe that nanoparticles may harm cells, but several large studies have not shown any evidence to believe that zinc oxide or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can cross skin in any significant quantity. And as we mentioned above, all Mustela sunscreen products are formulated with non-nano zinc oxide for the most effective and gentle sun protection. To earn the Best Overall spot, a sunscreen must be affordable, effective, and well-rated regarding performance, feel, and environmental safety. Two Peas Organics Unscented Mineral Sunscreen Lotion in SPF 30 hits all these marks and then some. Downs, C. A., et al. (2016). Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70(2), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7

Diaper rash cream both treats diaper rash and prevents further episodes. It provides a barrier between a baby’s skin and the diaper, urine, and feces that can cause diaper rash or worsen it. Non-nano zinc oxide is simply a new labeling for traditional zinc oxide. The new terminology exists to separate standard zinc oxide from newer nano zinc oxide, which uses micronized zinc oxide particles. BASF Care Creations TINOSORB ® M. https://www.carecreations.basf.com/product-formulations/product-highlights/product-highlights-detail/TINOSORBM/30482916. Accessed 4 Aug 2021. World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, & International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. (2002). Global solar UV index: A practical guide. World Health Organization.

Fukui, H., Horie, M., Endoh, S., Kato, H., Fujita, K., Nishio, K., Komaba, L. K., Maru, J., Miyauhi, A., Nakamura, A., Kinugasa, S., Yoshida, Y., Hagihara, Y., & Iwahashi, H. (2012). Association of zinc ion release and oxidative stress induced by intratracheal instillation of ZnO nanoparticles to rat lung. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 198, 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2012.04.007 Some experts recommend using diaper cream at least twice a week. However, people should follow the instructions of the specific product they are using and any personalized medical advice they receive. If you’re a fan of organic ingredients, this pediatrician-tested diaper cream is the one for your baby. With 97% naturally derived ingredients, this cream is made with organic aloe vera, olive oil, and sunflower seed oil. Moloney, F. J., Collins, S., & Murphy, G. M. (2002). Sunscreens: safety, efficacy and appropriate use. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 3(3), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200203030-00005 This cream has received certification from a product-testing company NSF International for its organic ingredients.Formulated with EWG green grade ingredients and completed skin irritation test, suitable even for sensitive skin (does include handful of synthetics) It’s long been a natural method of sun protection and today, zinc oxide is still commonly utilized as an active ingredient in sunscreen lotion, creams, lip balm, and more. You may have been seeing sunscreens on pharmacy shelves labeled as featuring “non-nano zinc oxide.” What exactly does that mean, and how is it different from normal zinc oxide? The lotion for the spectrum in Figure S1 was formulated according to a typical industry method for formulating sunscreen lotions [ 36], with each component described below in percentage terms representing the relative mass of each ingredient by weight ( w/w) in the final formulation (total 100%). An aqueous phase was prepared by dissolving glycerin (3%) and disodium EDTA (0.2%) in water (65.7%) with stirring, and heated to 75 °C. Separately, an oil phase was prepared by mixing C12-15 alkyl benzoate (8%), cetyl alcohol (2%), xanthan gum (0.3%), glyceryl stearate (1%), ceteareth-20 (2%), avobenzone (1.8%), homosalate (7%), octisalate (4%), and octocrylene (5%) with stirring, and heated to 75 °C until all solids were dissolved. The two phases were then combined at 75 °C by mixing with a homogenizer until an emulsion was achieved. The resulting emulsion was then cooled to room temperature (~ 25 °C) with stirring [ 36]. It is worth noting that any degradation of lotion ingredients that may have been caused by heating would be accounted for experimentally because all spectra (both before and after UV exposure) were collected for lotions post-formulation and cooling (Figure S1). 2.3 UV-exposure