The Florentines: From Dante to Galileo

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The Florentines: From Dante to Galileo

The Florentines: From Dante to Galileo

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[email protected], Bill Alen. "Florence: A Record Year for the Tourism Industry – .TR". Tourism-review.com . Retrieved 28 October 2017. World map of Köppen – Geiger Climate Classification". koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at. April 2006 . Retrieved 28 September 2010.

Between the birth of Dante in 1265 and the death of Galileo in 1642 something happened which completely revolutionized Western civilization. Painting, sculpture and architecture would all visibly change in a striking fashion. Likewise, the thought and self-conception of humanity would take on a completely different aspect. Sciences would be born – or emerge in an entirely new guise.

The church of San Lorenzo contains the Medici Chapel, the mausoleum of the Medici family—the most powerful family in Florence from the 15th to the 18th century. Nearby is the Uffizi Gallery, one of the finest art museums in the world – founded on a large bequest from the last member of the Medici family.

Florence CNR Research Area". Area.fi.cnr.it. Archived from the original on 7 August 2014 . Retrieved 18 March 2014. See also: Category:People from Florence Dante Alighieri Lorenzo de' Medici Amerigo Vespucci Niccolò Machiavelli

Special Note: Professor Silpa Bhirasri's Life and Works". journal.su.ac.th. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011 . Retrieved 27 October 2014. The Florence Airport, Peretola, is one of two main airports in the Tuscany region though it is not widely used by popular airlines. The other airport in the Tuscany region is the Galileo Galilei International Airport in Pisa. Florence Art Gallery: Art Galleries and Museums in Florence Area, Italy". Florence.world-guides.com . Retrieved 25 March 2010. Poinelli, Ezio; Trakas, Themis; Brivio, Filippo (27 February 2017). "In Focus: Florence, Italy". HVS . Retrieved 2 July 2021. Florentines demand a careful eye, both going in and coming out of the oven. It is essential to flatten them as thin as possible on the baking tray, rather than letting them spread out on their own, as Berry seems to suggest, or you’ll end up with little puffy biscuits that, without her liberal way with the flour, will struggle to hold together. Make sure you spread them well apart too, to expand further in the heat.

Artists associated with Florence range from Arnolfo di Cambio and Cimabue to Giotto, Nanni di Banco, and Paolo Uccello; through Lorenzo Ghiberti, and Donatello and Massaccio and the della Robbia family; through Fra Angelico and Botticelli and Piero della Francesca, and on to Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Others include Benvenuto Cellini, Andrea del Sarto, Benozzo Gozzoli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Filippo Lippi, Bernardo Buontalenti, Orcagna, Pollaiuolo, Filippino Lippi, Verrocchio, Bronzino, Desiderio da Settignano, Michelozzo, the Rossellis, the Sangallos, and Pontormo. Artists from other regions who worked in Florence include Raphael, Andrea Pisano, Giambologna, Il Sodoma and Peter Paul Rubens. Florence has appeared as a location in video games such as Assassin's Creed II. [98] The Republic of Florence also appears as a playable nation in Paradox Interactive's grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV. You’ll also need to keep an eagle eye on them once they’re in the oven. While undercooking florentines will leave you with a tray of disintegrating disasters, going too far in the other direction will spoil the flavour, so it is essential to catch them at just the right point. Be patient enough to leave them to cool before anointing them with chocolate. Whether you wait for that to cool too is between you and your conscience. The perfect florentines The second Duke, CosimoI, established a strong Florentine navy and expanded his territory, conquering Siena. In 1569, the pope declared Cosimo the first grand duke of Tuscany. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1737.

Paoletti, John T. and Radke, Gary M., Art in Renaissance Italy, Laurence King Publishing, 2005, p.79 ISBN 9781856694391 Bilancio demografico anno 2015 e popolazione residente al 31 dicembre; Comune: Firenze". ISTAT. Select: Italia Centrale/Toscana/Firenze/Firenze. The centre of Florence is closed to through-traffic, although buses, taxis and residents with appropriate permits are allowed in. This area is commonly referred to as the ZTL ( Zona Traffico Limitato), which is divided into several subsections. [115] Residents of one section, therefore, will only be able to drive in their district and perhaps some surrounding ones. Cars without permits are allowed to enter after 7.30pm, or before 7.30am. The rules shift during the tourist-filled summers, putting more restrictions on where one can get in and out. [116] Buses [ edit ]

Florence was home to the Medici, one of European history's most important noble families. Lorenzo de' Medici was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. Two members of the family were popes in the early 16th century: Leo X and Clement VII. Catherine de Medici married King Henry II of France and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France. Marie de' Medici married Henry IV of France and gave birth to the future King Louis XIII. The Medici reigned as Grand Dukes of Tuscany, starting with Cosimo I de' Medici in 1569 and ending with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici in 1737. a b c d e f g h i j "Florence (Italy)". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica.com . Retrieved 22 January 2010. Try making these chewy, luxurious biscuits at home. Careful weighing of the ingredients is the key to success. In centuries to come, the city experienced turbulent alternate periods of Ostrogoth and Byzantine rule, during which the city was fought over, helping to cause the population to fall to as low as 1,000 people. [20] Peace returned under Lombard rule in the 6th century and Florence was in turn conquered by Charlemagne in 774 becoming part of the March of Tuscany centred on Lucca. The population began to grow again and commerce prospered.Spencer Baynes, L.L.D., and W. Robertson Smith, L.L.D., Encyclopædia Britannica. Akron, Ohio: The Werner Company, 1907: p. 675 Tourism is, by far, the most important of all industries and most of the Florentine economy relies on the money generated by international arrivals and students studying in the city. [11] The value tourism to the city totalled some €2.5billion in 2015 and the number of visitors had increased by 5.5% from the previous year. [56] and 19th centuries [ edit ] Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and his family. Leopold was, from 1765 to 1790, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Florence, Italy - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas . Retrieved 26 January 2019. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest cities in Europe, with a population of 60,000, and was considered rich and economically successful. [27] Cosimo de' Medici was the first Medici family member to essentially control the city from behind the scenes. Although the city was technically a democracy of sorts, his power came from a vast patronage network along with his alliance to the new immigrants, the gente nuova (new people). The fact that the Medici were bankers to the pope also contributed to their ascendancy. Cosimo was succeeded by his son Piero, who was, soon after, succeeded by Cosimo's grandson, Lorenzo in 1469. Lorenzo was a great patron of the arts, commissioning works by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Lorenzo was an accomplished poet and musician and brought composers and singers to Florence, including Alexander Agricola, Johannes Ghiselin, and Heinrich Isaac. By contemporary Florentines (and since), he was known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent" (Lorenzo il Magnifico).



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