Abdo WF, Heunks LM. Oxygen-induced hypercapnia in COPD: myths and facts. Crit Care. 2012;16(5):323. Published 2012 Oct 29. doi:10.1186/cc11475 The selection of an appropriate oxygen delivery system must take into account, clinical condition, the patient's size, needs and therapeutic goals (6) Face Mask

15 Litre Oxygen Dependent Syndrome in COVID: The Bump Ahead 15 Litre Oxygen Dependent Syndrome in COVID: The Bump Ahead

This can be useful in acute pulmonary edema like in CHF, because it reduces intrathoracic pressure and can reduce preload and increase cardiac output, as well as decrease alveolar congestion. The tidal volume is the amount of air breathed into the lungs with each breath. The tidal volume will depend on the patient’s physical size of their lungs and their respiratory effort, but is generally around 400-500ml in a healthy adult. HFNC is more comfortable and studies have shown that using HFNC may be a better alternative than using a face mask.Green oxygen tubing should be used. Conventional methods of oxygen methods of oxygen delivery recommended if tolerated (Davies et al, 2007) Please note: The oxygen concentrator's pulse-flow setting isn't the same as continuous-flow liters per minute, and pulse dose concentrators do not measure exact liters per minute. When we refer to "flow rate," we're discussing liters per minute, not the pulse-flow setting on an oxygen concentrator. In 2008 the British Thoracic Society (BTS) published guidelines on ‘Emergency Oxygen use in adult patients’ which are evidence based and set out good practice recommendations for oxygen prescription and delivery. There are regular national audits undertaken in adults. What are the key changes? A one-way valve prevents exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag (the exhaled air exits via vents on the sides of the mask)

Oxygen Prescribing | Guidelines | Geeky Medics

All patients on oxygen therapy should have regular pulse oximetry measurements. The frequency of oximetry measurements will depend on the condition being treated and the stability of the patient. I’ll have to look up more evidence on your question regarding ipratropium needing to be given before salbutamol; I’ve always been use to given them simultaneously for more efficacy. The only reason I can think of right now would be onset of action; ipratropium takes around 15 minutes to work while salbutamol takes less than 5 minutes. Therefore, using ipratropium first would mean you give it more time to work in the body while the salbutamol works at a faster rate…but that is only a guess…Nasal cannula is tubing that runs from the oxygen source to the patient’s bilateral nares or nostrils.

Oxygen Pro Canister with Inhaler Cup - 15 litres of 99.5% Oxygen Pro Canister with Inhaler Cup - 15 litres of 99.5%

A healthy patient has a respiratory rate of 12-20 respirations per minute (rpm). Lower than 12 is usually from medications like opioids or benzos, and higher is usually from anxiety, asthma, COPD, CHF, a PE, pneumonia, or some other type of respiratory failure. BiPAP= bilevel positive airway pressure = high positive pressure on inspiration and lower positive pressure on expiration. Used in COPD and atelectasis. F. Oxygen therapy for specific conditions that frequently require oxygen therapy (see tables 2 and 3 and full Guideline sections 8.11 and 8.13) Ventilators have various settings which control the respiratory rate, the IPAP, the EPAP, the inspiratory flow rate, and the FIO2%.Mechanical Ventilation is the best way of controlling a patient’s oxygenation (oxygen delivery) and ventilation (gas exchange). Patients with breathlessness who are thought to be at risk of metabolic conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or metabolic acidosis due to renal failure (grade D). O’Driscoll BR et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. Published in 2017. Available from: [ LINK] Few case reports show absorption of the interstitial abnormalities including reticulation, GGO and patchy consolidation, indicating the potential use of Pirfenidone as an effective medication for the post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis of COVID-19 patients. Do not keep patients on 15L for longer than necessary as over-oxygenating for prolonged periods can be harmful.