V.P. Menon urged C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar, the ruler of Travancore to reconsider his decision. Lauding him for his past contribution toward the nation, Menon told the Aiyar that it ought not to be said that the Raja had not made a contribution toward building a united nation when he had it in his power to do so. The Raja asked for more time to think the matter over. The consensus among scholars is that nations are socially constructed, historically contingent, and organizationally flexible. [6] Throughout history, people have had an attachment to their kin group and traditions, territorial authorities and their homeland, but nationalism – the belief that state and nation should align as a nation state – did not become a prominent ideology until the end of the 18th century. [7] Etymology and terminology [ edit ] In the saga of Accession, the story of Kashmir was one of the most interesting. Nehru had a special attachment to it and Jinnah coveted it as well. The confusion over terminology has meant that more recently, nation-building has come to be used in a completely different context, with reference to what has been succinctly described by its proponents as "the use of armed force in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy". [21] In this sense nation-building, better referred to as state-building, describes deliberate efforts by a foreign power to construct or install the institutions of a national government, according to a model that may be more familiar to the foreign power but is often considered foreign and even destabilizing. [22] In this sense, state-building is typically characterized by massive investment, military occupation, transitional government, and the use of propaganda to communicate governmental policy. [23] [24] Role of education [ edit ] Richmond, Edmun B. (1993). "Senegambia and the Confederation: History, Expectations, and Disillusions". Journal of Third World Studies. 10 (2): 172–194. JSTOR 45193442 . Retrieved 28 September 2021.

nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polity—i.e., a state—that is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. The legitimacy of a nation-state’s rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state (which may include all or only some of its citizens) to self-determination. Members of the core national group see the state as belonging to them and consider the approximate territory of the state to be their homeland. Accordingly, they demand that other groups, both within and outside the state, recognize and respect their control over the state. As the American sociologist Rogers Brubaker put it in Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (1996), nation-states are “states of and for particular nations.” Smith, Anthony D. (2000). The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism. Hanover: University Press of New England. ISBN 9781584650409.

Darden, Keith; Mylonas, Harris (1 March 2012). "The Promethean Dilemma: Third-party State-building in Occupied Territories". Ethnopolitics. 11 (1): 85–93. doi: 10.1080/17449057.2011.596127. S2CID 145382064. On 15th August, 1947, in an unexpected twist in the saga of Accession, the Nawab of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan. A nation is generally more overtly political than an ethnic group. [2] [3] Benedict Anderson defines a nation as "an imagined political community […] imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion”. [4] Polese, Abel, et al., eds. Identity and nation building in everyday post-socialist life (Routledge, 2017).

Smith, Anthony D. (2003). Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity. Oxford University Press. Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. (1991). Imagined communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso. pp.6–7. ISBN 978-0-86091-546-1. Reynolds, Susan (1997). Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe 900–1300. Oxford. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) For nation-building in the sense of enhancing the capacity of state institutions, building state-society relations and also external interventions, see State-building. Smith, Anthony D. (2010) [2001]. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History (2.ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 9780745651279.Patel responded saying that this was no time for people like him to think of rest or retirement. That he ought to consider it his bounden duty to work for the consolidation of freedom. Putting nation ahead of personal interests, at just this one direction from Sardar, Menon came on board to accept the secretaryship of the States Ministry. Together with Sardar Patel, Menon played an instrumental role in the integration of 565 princely states into the Union of India in such a short span of time.

Speaking of Vallabhbhai's decision to leave his practice and join the path of satyagraha, Gandhi said 'Vallabhbhai told himself "No doubt my practice is flourishing today. I am also doing something big in the municipality. But the struggle for the peasants in Kheda is bigger than that. My practice may or may not be there tomorrow. My money will be blown tomorrow; those who inherit my money will blow it. Let me leave them a higher legacy than money.' Travancore had announced that it would assert its right to remain independent. This was cause for anxiety as it was expected that this announcement would cause repercussions and encourage other rulers to follow suit. When an invitation for a meeting of states rulers was sent to the Raja of Travancore, the Government of the state replied that there was no point in their representatives attending the meeting as they had already decided not to accede to India. Coakley, J (2017). " "Primordialism" in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?" (PDF). Nations and Nationalism. 24 (2): 327–347. doi: 10.1111/nana.12349. S2CID 149288553. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2022 . Retrieved 28 September 2022. Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post– Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that human rights, liberal democracy and capitalist free market economics had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post–Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama, in The End of History and the Last Man, argued that the world had reached a Hegelian "end of history".

a b "End of nations: Is there an alternative to countries?". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017 . Retrieved 10 May 2017.

In some nation-states, ethnic minorities have challenged the traditional model of nation-based citizenship because they claim rights based on principles alternative to citizenship: that is, they rely on international conventions that recognize individual human rights or the collective rights of minorities and indigenous peoples (some scholars call this phenomenon “ postnational citizenship”). National disintegration R. Koopmans and P. Statham; "Challenging the liberal nation-state? Postnationalism, multiculturalism, and the collective claims making of migrants and ethnic minorities in Britain and Germany"; American Journal of Sociology 105:652–96 (1999)Mylonas, Harris (2012). The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York: Cambridge University Press. At a deeper level, national identity may be deliberately constructed by molding different ethnic groups into a nation, especially since in many newly established states colonial practices of divide and rule had resulted in ethnically heterogeneous populations. [16] India has many great institutions in ophthalmology, but we need many more in several regions of the country to support, sustain and accelerate the growth and fully realize our potential. It may be practical in the short-term for the future-ready organizations to take the plunge and evolve into consummate institutions. But for the future, it is imperative plan now and start building institutions to help catalyze and power the engines of future growth. In her book Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, Liah Greenfeld argued that nationalism was invented in England by 1600. According to Greenfeld, England was “the first nation in the world". [29] [30] Social science [ edit ]