The original patterns of the metalwork and bosses were then replicated in the stone carving of the crosses. Only the base stones feature figure carvings. A Byzantine cross variant seen on several coins and artifacts of the Late Macedonian, Doukas, and Early Komnenos dynasties of the Byzantine Empire (c.950-1092). Combines aspects of the Patriarchal cross, Greek cross, and Calvary cross into a unique variation that may have inspired the later Jerusalem cross. It is thought that several of these main high crosses, such as Muiredach’s Cross , the Cross of the Scriptures and the Market Cross of Kells can possibly be attributed to the work of one exceptionally skilled mason, who has been identified as the “ Muiredach Master” by the art historian Roger Stalley. As the inscription has been written around two cat carvings, it may have been added after the cross was completed. Celtic Crosses as Boundary Markers Art Cross (January 24, 1918 – April 15, 2005) was an American racecar driver. He was the first recipient of the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year Award in 1952.

A cross inlaid with gems. Denotes a glorification of the cross, this form was inspired by the cult of the cross that arose after Saint Helena's discovery of the True Cross in Jerusalem in 327. Popular in the Late Roman and Byzantine Empire, it was adopted by many cultures of Late Antiquity, including the Franks, Goths, and Lombards. Examples persisted into the early Medieval period, such as the Cruz de la Victoria of Asturias. Used to lead religious processions; sometimes, after the procession it is placed behind the altar to serve as an altar cross. After the 12th century, the creation of new high crosses in Ireland ceased almost completely. Some of the Iona high crosses are thought to have been constructed as late as the 14th century. See also: Crosses in heraldry Christian cross variants 7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and Latin cross (St. Paul's cathedral) in church floorplans Instead it is particularly lean and slender in design and is thought to be the second tallest high cross in Ireland (ca. 7 meters).The original Coptic cross has its origin in the Coptic ankh. As depicted in Rudolf Koch's The Book of Signs (1933). The most striking characteristic of high crosses is their height. These towering monuments stand several meters tall.

For more in-depth information about Celtic crosses and some Celtic high crosses, you can read our post here.)Some of the earliest stone crosses are part of the Ossory group of crosses that were once part of the Kingdom of Ossory. The relatively simple design of the crucifixion on the West Cross in Kilfenora, County Clare dating from about the 12th century, is another typical example from this late high cross period. Some Irish wall crosses located near the main door contain a holy water font and would have been used as part of short prayer upon entering or leaving a house.