a b c d e f g Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Kripal, Jeffrey (2008). Hidden intercourse: eros and sexuality in the history of Western esotericism (PDF). Leiden: Brill. pp.53–56, 58. ISBN 978-90-474-4358-2 . Retrieved 1 December 2020. Henderson, J. (1981). Exorcism and Possession in Psychotherapy Practice. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 27: 129–34. Although the survey finds that most Muslims do not wear talismans, a substantial number of Muslims appear to make an exception for charms kept at home to ward off the evil eye. In 14 of 23 countries where the question was asked, significantly more Muslims say they possess objects in their home to protect against the evil eye than say the same about wearing talismans. Most Muslim scholars accept that jinn can possess people. A few argue jinn can not physically possess someone, but only influence people. [41] Silverman, W A. "Neurosurgical Exorcism." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 15.2 (2001): 98–99.

Main articles: Exorcism in Christianity and Minor exorcism in Christianity Exorcising a Mute by Gustav Doré, 1865. Pfeifer, S. (1994). Belief in demons and exorcism in psychiatric patients in Switzerland. British Journal of Medical Psychology 4 247–58. The ritual of the Exorcising-Ghost day is part of Tibetan tradition. The Tibetan religious ceremony 'Gutor' ༼དགུ་གཏོར་༽, literally offering of the 29th, is held on the 29th of the 12th Tibetan month, with its focus on driving out all negativity, including evil spirits and misfortunes of the past year, and starting the new year in a peaceful and auspicious way.Thirdly, it occurs when a jinni, who is evil, simply wants to harm a human for no specific reason, according to Moiz Ansari. Such a jinn will possess that person, if it gets the opportunity, while the human is in a very emotional state or unconsciousness. [47] [ bettersourceneeded] Sells, Michael Anthony (1996). Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Paulist Press. p.143. ISBN 978-0-809-13619-3. The use of sorcery or witchcraft is condemned in the Quran (2:102), but some hadith indicate that certain types of spells or incantations (ruqyah) are permitted (Sahih Muslim 26:5448). With regard to the evil eye, certain hadith affirm that it is real (Sahih Muslim 26:5427; Sahih Muslim 26:5450), while some interpretations claim the Quran (68:51) also mentions the evil eye. Jinn are mentioned in the Quran (for example, 55:15; 55:56). (return to text) Rajaram Narayan Saletore (1981). Indian witchcraft. Abhinav Publications. p.40. ISBN 9780391024809. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021 . Retrieved 14 May 2009.

As in other Christian churches, Orthodox exorcists expel demons by invoking God through the name of Jesus Christ. [19] Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, all priests of the Orthodox Church are trained and equipped to perform exorcisms, particularly for the sacrament of baptism. Like their Catholic counterparts, Orthodox priests learn to distinguish demonic possession from mental illness, namely by observing whether the subject reacts negatively to holy relics or places. [18] All Orthodox liturgical books include prayers of exorcism, namely by Saint Basil and Saint John Chrysostom. Supernatural Traditional Days Around The World". Straight Forward Guidance . Retrieved 10 May 2022. Across Central Asia and the Middle East-North Africa region, only modest numbers rely on the protective powers of talismans or precious stones. In Central Asia, the wearing of talismans is most common in Kazakhstan (27%), Tajikistan (26%) and Turkey (23%). In the Middle East and North Africa, the practice is most common in Jordan (28%), Tunisia (25%) and Egypt (25%).Although most accounts of possession and exorcism in Islam involve Jinn, Muslim cosmology features more creatures capable of possession, such as marrid (demons), bhut (evil spirits), and shaytaan (satanic beings). [33] [5]

Joralemon, Donald (6 April 2017). Exploring Medical Anthropology (4ed.). London: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315470610. ISBN 978-1-315-47061-0.Bagasra, Anisah (2023). "Religious interpretations of mental illness and help-seeking experiences among Muslim Americans: Implications for clinical practice". Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 10 (1): 20–31. doi: 10.1037/scp0000299. ISSN 2326-4519. S2CID 257390685– via APA. In general, people considered to be possessed are not regarded as evil in themselves, nor wholly responsible for their actions, because possession is considered to be unwilling manipulation by a demon resulting in harm to self or others. Therefore, practitioners regard exorcism as more of a cure than a punishment. The mainstream rituals usually take this into account, making sure that there is no violence to the possessed, only that they be tied down if there is potential for violence. [6]

Exorcism and Mental Illness Across Different Cultures – HOPES". 16 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017 . Retrieved 23 March 2017.Rassool, G. Hussein (2015). Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-44124-3. Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management.(2021).Deutschland:Springer International Publishing. p. 67