Some people may decide to have surgery to permanently alter body parts associated with their biological sex. Sharpley CF, Christie DRH, Bitsika V. Do hormone treatments for prostate cancer cause anxiety and depression? Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19(3):523–30. You can reduce your risk of many health problems by making lifestyle changes, such as eating a well-balanced diet, drinking less alcohol, being physically active and stopping smoking. An alternative to hormone therapy is to surgically remove the testicles (orchidectomy). This does not cure prostate cancer, but by removing the testosterone it controls the growth of the cancer and its symptoms. Further information

If your cancer hasn’t spread outside the prostate (localised prostate cancer), you might have hormone therapy alongside your main treatment. Hormone therapy can shrink the prostate and any cancer inside it, which makes the cancer easier to treat. It can also make your main treatment more effective. You might have hormone therapy: Richman EL, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Paciorek A, Carroll PR, Chan JM. Physical Activity after Diagnosis and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression: Data from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor. Cancer Res. 2011 May 24;71(11):3889–95. Alibhai SMH, Gogov S, Allibhai Z. Long-term side effects of androgen deprivation therapy in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer: A systematic literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006 Dec;60(3):201–15. The risk of getting each side effect depends on your type of hormone therapy and how long you take it for. If you have hormone therapy alongside another treatment, you may get side effects from that treatment as well. By this age, a teenager and the clinic team may be more confident about confirming a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. If desired, steps can be taken to more permanent treatments that fit with the chosen gender identity or as non-binary. Treatment for adults

Treatment for menopause and perimenopause

for a few months before starting permanent seed brachytherapy, and before and after high dose-rate brachytherapy – both are types of internal radiotherapy However, as cross-sex hormones affect people differently, they should not be considered a reliable form of contraception. Some complementary and alternative therapies can also interact with other medicines and cause side effects. Some men find their side effects improve or get easier to manage the longer they’re on hormone therapy. But if side effects don’t improve, there are usually ways to manage them. Schröder F, Crawford ED, Axcrona K, Payne H, Keane TE. Androgen deprivation therapy: past, present and future. BJU Int. 2012 Jun;109 Suppl 6:1–12.

Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 27;367(13):1187–97. Antidepressants can help with mood symptoms if you've been diagnosed with depression or anxiety. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) progestogens, including the intrauterine system (IUS), contraceptive injection, contraceptive implant and progestogen-only pill Hechtman LM. Clinical Naturopathic Medicine [Internet]. Harcourt Publishers Group (Australia); 2014 [cited 2015 Jul 21]. 1610 p. Available from: http://www.bookdepository.com/Clinical-Naturopathic-Medicine-Leah-Hechtman/9780729541923 Some men may also get aching muscles or joint pain while they’re on hormone therapy. This can happen when you lose muscle.Support from self-help groups, such as Endometriosis UK, can be very useful if you're learning how to manage the condition. Pain medication All too often women are told that feeling moody, asexual, tapped out, dried up, stressed out, and sleep deprived is just a part of being female. Or they’re led to believe that the answer can be found only at the bottom of a bottle of prescription pills. Dr. Sara Gottfried, a Harvard-educated physician and nationally recognized, board-certified gynecologist, refuses to accept that being a woman means feeling overwhelmed or that popping pills is the new normal. In The Hormone Cure, she shares the unique hormone-balancing program that she has used to help thousands of women reclaim wellness, verve, and optimal health. NHS England has published what are known as service specifications that describe how clinical and medical care is offered to people with gender dysphoria: A GP can prescribe oestrogen treatments you can insert into your vagina, as a tablet, cream or ring. This can also improve any urinary symptoms caused by menopause and perimenopause, like discomfort when you pee. Evidence suggests these hormone treatments are equally effective at treating endometriosis, but they have different side effects.