McGray, Douglas (1 May 2002). "Japan's Gross National Cool". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014 . Retrieved 18 March 2011.

Softwar: A Novel Theory on Power Projection and the National Softwar: A Novel Theory on Power Projection and the National

Copy Courmont, Barthélemy. "The soft war era: The case of the United States and China", Revue internationale et stratégique, vol. 104, no. 4, 2016, pp. 6-16. Beretta, Silvio (2017). Understanding China Today: An Exploration of Politics, Economics, Society, and International Relations. Springer. p.320. ISBN 9783319296258. Surowiec, Pawel, and Philip Long. "Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The ‘GREAT’ Campaign." Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092. online review The Elcano Global Presence Report scores the EU first for soft presence. [23] Soft power, then, represents the third behavioral way of getting the outcomes you want. Soft power is contrasted with hard power, which has historically been the predominant realist measure of national power, through quantitative metrics such as population size, concrete military assets, or a nation's gross domestic product. But having such resources does not always produce the desired outcomes, as the United States discovered in the Vietnam War. iFilm TV, IRIB’s Arabic-language entertainment channel, was introduced in September 2010. It broadcasts Iranian films and television shows dubbed into both Arabic and English. 31

Islamic charitable foundations, or bonyads, have also been an important instrument of Iranian soft power. Some foundations existed prior to the 1979 revolution, including in the form of waqfs (or religious endowments). They provided humanitarian aid to the poor and other populations in need, though they also served as slush funds for some elites. 54After the 1979 revolution, there was a major increase in the scale and scope of bonyads. The supreme leader appoints the directors of the bonyads.

Soft War - CORE Iran and the Soft War - CORE

Friedberg, Aaron L. A Contest for Supremacy: China, America and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia, New York: Norton Publishing, 2011. Oliver, Alex (2018-03-30). "How big is the Kremlin's diplomatic network?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2018-04-01 . Retrieved 2018-04-01.Asia and more recently China have been working to use the potential soft power assets that are present in the admiration of their ancient cultures, arts, fashion and cuisine. [45] China is presenting itself as a defender of national sovereignty, [46] which became an issue after the NATO air campaign to oust Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and NATO's support of the rebels in Libya. [47] The Chinese are also competing with the United States to gain influence throughout the South Pacific, however some commentators have said their recent assertiveness in this region has created an appeal for nations in this region to align with the United States thus increasing U.S. soft power in this area. [48] The rest of this brief is divided into five sections. The first provides an overview of Iranian soft power and jang-enarm. The second section focuses on the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, particularly its international efforts. The third examines the Islamic Culture and Relations Organization, including Iranian cultural centers. The fourth section analyzes Iranian universities, especially Al-Mustafa International University. The fifth assesses Iran’s charitable foundations, or bonyads. The sixth section discusses Iranian vulnerabilities and U.S. and Western opportunities. However, its jang-e-narm strategy has several critical weaknesses: credibility problems (including corruption), the ability of Western governments and companies to identifyand target Iranian influence operations, low public opinion, and vulnerabilities from U.S. and other Western soft power. The Center for Interreligious Dialogue and Civilization (CID), which engages in dialogue with religious figures and institutions inside and outside Iran. 48