China's literacy rate has grown dramatically, from only 20% in 1949 and 65.5% in 1979, [502] to 97% of the population over age 15 in 2020. [503] In the same year, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, amongst the most affluent regions in China, were ranked the highest in the world in the Programme for International Student Assessment ranking for all three categories (Mathematics, Science and Reading). [504]

Cody, Edward (28 January 2006). "In Face of Rural Unrest, China Rolls Out Reforms". The Washington Post . Retrieved 2020-01-18. Main article: Wildlife of China A giant panda, China's most famous endangered and endemic species, at the Chengdu Panda Base in Sichuan Main articles: Education in China, Higher education in China, and List of universities in China Beijing's Peking University, one of the top-ranked universities in China [492] [493] Eileen Tamura (1997) China: Understanding Its Past. Volume 1. University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0-8248-1923-3 p.146 See also: Renewable energy in China, Water resources of China, Energy policy of China, and Climate change in China The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.

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Allan, Keith (2013). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. p.4. ISBN 978-0-19-958584-7.

Although this is the present meaning of guó, in Old Chinese (when its pronunciation was something like /*qʷˤək/) [26] it meant the walled city of the Chinese and the areas they could control from them. [27] The Tibetans" (PDF). University of Southern California. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-16 . Retrieved 2013-07-20. Turvey, Samuel (2008). Witness to Extinction: How we failed to save the Yangtze River dolphin. Oxford University Press. Chinese Religion | GRF". globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-21 . Retrieved 2023-08-19.Tien, Hung-mao (1991). "The Constitutional Conundrum and the Need for Reform". In Feldman, Harvey (ed.). Constitutional Reform and the Future of the Republic of China. M.E. Sharpe. p.3. ISBN 978-0-87332-880-7. a b c "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. 20 November 2019 . Retrieved 2021-03-20. Since ancient times, Chinese culture has been heavily influenced by Confucianism. Chinese culture, in turn, has heavily influenced East Asia and Southeast Asia. [553] For much of the country's dynastic era, opportunities for social advancement could be provided by high performance in the prestigious imperial examinations, which have their origins in the Han dynasty. [554] The literary emphasis of the exams affected the general perception of cultural refinement in China, such as the belief that calligraphy, poetry and painting were higher forms of art than dancing or drama. Chinese culture has long emphasized a sense of deep history and a largely inward-looking national perspective. [555] Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today. [556] Fenghuang County, an ancient town that harbors many architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles [557] Graham Hutchings (2003). Modern China: A Guide to a Century of Change. Harvard University Press. p.459. ISBN 0-674-01240-2.