Murat R. 2018. The Emergence of Public Opinion: State and Society in the Late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tax Revolts During the Tanzimat Period (1839–1876) and Before the Young Turk Revolution (1904–1908): Popular Protest and State Formation in the Late Ottoman Empire. The Journal of Policy History 25: 308–333.

Vidal does draw up well nuanced characters. Most of the primary players in this novel are fictional and we see how the web of Washington lures them to reach for power, but others are just trying to live a life and they are sometimes casualties as the rich and powerful pursue their dreams. David, you wrote recently that the Conservative Party was less attached to the monarchy, and has different concerns now. What were you arguing? Special thanks to the Robert David Lion Gardner Foundation and the Kinder Institute for supporting this conference* Mills, Amy, James A. Reilly, and Christine M. Philliou. 2011. The Ottoman Empire from Present to Past: Memory and Ideology in Turkey and the Arab World. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31 (1): 133–136.

Our conversation, edited for length and clarity, is below. Edgerton and Malik discussed whether the legacy of the British Empire has been ignored or overstated, the changing nature of British conservatism, and what the response to the Queen’s death says about the United Kingdom. Nicolaïdis, Kalypso, Berny Sèbe, and Gabrielle Maas, eds. 2015. Echoes of Empire: Memory, Identity, and Colonial Legacies. London: I. B. Tauris. Jaulin, Thibaut. 2014. Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon. Middle East Law and Governance 6: 250–271.

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Aytekin, E. Attila. 2012. Peasant Protest in the Late Ottoman Empire: Moral Economy, Revolt, and the Tanzimat Reforms. IRSH 57: 191–227.

Distressed by the rise of national socialism in Germany, the French poet Paul Claudel looked at the multinational nature of the Austro-Hungarian empire as a possible remedy for the dangers of nationalism. There is no doubt that the Ottoman experience too would have offered him much food for thought. By looking comparatively at both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, this volume makes an insightful contribution to the debates on (post-)imperial identities and cultures between centres and peripheries. Engaging with the literary heritage of the two empires, the book brings to the fore the intrinsic relation between literary and political narratives.” The efforts to spread Hungarian culture, language and identity to the parts of the Habsburg Empire that were under Hungary Millet: Kraus, Wolfgang. 2000. Das erzählte Selbst. Die narrative Konstruktion von Identität in der Spätmoderne. Herbolzheim: Centaurus. In this rarefied, privileged environment the question of whether or not America would choose empire over republic (or at least over an oligarchy that minded its own business) was always a foregone conclusion. Fits of scruple might percolate up among the riff-raff from time to time, but at the end of the day someone was going to rape China and it might as well be America. Hall, Stuart. 1992. The Question of Cultural Identity. In Modernity and Its Futures, ed. Stuart Hall, David Held, and Tony McGrew. Cambridge: Polity Press.Teper, Yuri. 2016. Official Russian Identity Discourse in Light of the Annexation of Crimea: National or Imperial? Post-Soviet Affairs 32 (4): 378–396. Luke, Christina. 2018. Heritage Interests: Americanism, Europeanism and Neo-Ottomanism. Journal of Social Archaeology 18 (2): 234–257. Judson, Pieter M., and Marsha L. Rozenblit, eds. 2005. Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe. New York: Berghahn Books.