These kingdoms are home to a new cosmopolitan civilization, a hybrid of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures which modern scholars label “ Hellenistic“. The Romans All transaction information passed between Guy's Magnets Ltd T/A MapsWorldwide and Sage Pay’s systems is encrypted using 128-bit SSL certificates. No cardholder information is ever passed un-encrypted and any messages sent to our servers from Sage Pay are signed using MD5 hashing to prevent tampering. You can be completely assured that nothing we pass to Sage Pay’s servers can be examined, used or modified by any third parties attempting to gain access to sensitive information. Riley, J. C. (2005). Estimates of regional and global life expectancy, 1800–2001. Population and Development Review, 31(3), 537–543.

The Human Mortality Database prioritizes uniformity in methods and is limited to specific countries and periods where high-quality mortality data is available nationally. In the Baltic region, Scandinavians were by this date active as traders, seeking the local populations in honey and furs from the great northern forests. A small merchant colony of Swedes was already established just inland from the Gulf of Finland, on the shores of Lake Lagoda With its emphasis on observation, evidence and experimentation, the Enlightenment will help to give rise to modern science (some historians regard this Scientific Revolution as its own distinctive movement rather than an aspect of the Enlightenment). Political, economic and scientific developmentsSeptember 30, 2022 - Russia annexes four regions from southeast Ukraine. This action is only partly recognized, and Russia did not control all the land. [1] Much of this warfare has been conducted at sea, and European navies – above all Britain’s – have become by far the largest and most powerful naval forces the world has ever seen. Much of their purpose is to defend their countries’ expanding overseas trade. Glei, D. A., & Horiuchi, S. (2007). The narrowing sex differential in life expectancy in high-income populations: Effects of differences in the age pattern of mortality. Population Studies, 61(2), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720701331433 October 14, 1918 - Austria-Hungary is dissolved into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

The shrunken towns are now dominated by Christian bishops, who have proved to be the only figures capable of protecting the townsmen in these turbulent times. These centuries have seen Roman civilization reach its peak. The Roman empire has brought long-lasting peace to this vast region and its fifty-million or so inhabitants. With the peace, commerce has expanded and cities have prospered. Romanization – the spread of Roman citizenship, culture and language, has continued apace, and the descendants of Spanish and Gallic chieftains have entered the highest ranks of Roman society. Gathering clouds This map shows the history of Europe in 200 CE. The Roman empire has given 200 years of peace to a large part of Europe. Pax Romana Rather than slowing down, record life expectancy has risen steadily over time, by around one year every four years. By 2021, Hong Kong had the highest life expectancy of 88 years.

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Partly as a reaction to the religious conflicts. a new intellectual movement is now discernible in Europe, This is the Enlightenment, which emphasises rationality as the basis for the pursuit of truth rather then beliefs received from religious institutions or royal governments. January 18, 1871 - The German Empire is formed as one nation from a multitude of smaller German States. Aburto, J. M., Villavicencio, F., Basellini, U., Kjærgaard, S., & Vaupel, J. W. (2020). Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(10), 5250–5259. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915884117 Russia entered World War 1 on the side of Britain and France; however, the Russian Revolution of 1917 led the new Bolshevik (Communist) government to sign the Treaty of Brest-Ltovsk with Germany, taking Russia out of the war and giving away huge tracts of land to the enemy.