Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas ( Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees ( Pan t. troglodytes) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 28 (1): 29–40. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350280103. PMID 31941221. S2CID 85569302. Mountain gorillas live in montane forests at the higher end of the elevation range, while eastern lowland gorillas live in submontane forests at the lower end. In addition, eastern lowland gorillas live in montane bamboo forests, as well as lowland forests ranging from 600–3,308m (1,969–10,853ft) in elevation. [39] Western gorillas live in both lowland swamp forests and montane forests, at elevations ranging from sea level to 1,600m (5,200ft). [38] Western lowland gorillas live in swamp and lowland forests ranging up to 1,600m (5,200ft), and Cross River gorillas live in low-lying and submontane forests ranging from 150–1,600m (490–5,250ft). See also: Great ape language A female gorilla exhibiting tool use by using a tree trunk as a support whilst fishing herbs McNeilage, A. (2001). Diet and habitat use of two mountain gorilla groups in contrasting habitats in the Virungas. pp.265–292. Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or five subspecies. The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95 to 99% depending on what is included, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after chimpanzees and bonobos.

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Harcourt, A. H.; Stewart, K. J.; Hauser, M. (1993). "Functions of wild gorilla 'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison". Behaviour. 124 (1–2): 89. doi: 10.1163/156853993X00524.Sanz, C. M.; etal. (2022). "Interspecific interactions between sympatric apes". iScience. 25 (10): 105059. Bibcode: 2022iSci...25j5059S. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059. PMC 9485909. PMID 36147956.

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Luscombe, Richard (29 September 2021). "Thirteen gorillas test positive for Covid at Atlanta zoo | Atlanta | The Guardian". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021 . Retrieved 30 September 2021. Goidts, V.; Armengol, L.; Schempp, W.; etal. (March 2006). "Identification of large-scale human-specific copy number differences by inter-species array comparative genomic hybridization". Human Genetics. 119 (1–2): 185–198. doi: 10.1007/s00439-005-0130-9. PMID 16395594. S2CID 32184430. The closest relatives of gorillas are the other two Homininae genera, chimpanzees and humans, all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7million years ago. [8] Human gene sequences differ only 1.6% on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes, but there is further difference in how many copies each gene has. [9] Phylogeny of superfamily Hominoidea [10] :Fig. 4 Müller, C. (1855–1861). Geographi graeci minores. pp.1.1–14: text and trans. Ed. J. Blomqvist (1979).Robbins, M. M.; Sicotte, P.; Stewart, K. J. (2001). Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521019869. a b Tutin, C. G. (1996). "Ranging and social structure of lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". In McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. (eds.). Great Ape Societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.58–70. a b Mittermeier, R. A.; Rylands, A. B.; Wilson, D. E., eds. (2013). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 3. Primates. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553897.

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Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7 to 6.5km 2 (1.0 to 2.5sqmi), with day ranges 154–2,280m (0.096–1.417mi). Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants. [41] Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range. [42] They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105m (0.687mi) per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7–14km 2 (2.7–5.4sqmi). [42] Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten. Western lowland gorillas ( G. g. gorilla) are believed to be one of the zoonotic origins of HIV/AIDS. The SIVgor Simian immunodeficiency virus that infects them is similar to a certain strain of HIV-1. [84] [85] [86] [87] Genome sequencing Until recently, gorillas were considered to be a single species, with three subspecies: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. [5] [11] There is now agreement that there are two species, each with two subspecies. [12] More recently, a third subspecies has been claimed to exist in one of the species. The separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the Ice Age, when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other. [13] Primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations. [5] The species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree. [14] [12] Genus Gorilla – Geoffroy, 1852 – two species

Amazing Facts About the Gorilla

Gorillas spend a good deal of their time on the ground rather than in the trees, and will make new nests on the ground each night. After World War II, George Schaller was one of the first researchers to go into the field and study primates. In 1959, he conducted a systematic study of the mountain gorilla in the wild and published his work. Years later, at the behest of Louis Leakey and the National Geographic, Dian Fossey conducted a much longer and more comprehensive study of the mountain gorilla. When she published her work, many misconceptions and myths about gorillas were finally disproved, including the myth that gorillas are violent. Aryan, H. E. (2006). "Lumbar diskectomy in a human-habituated mountain gorilla ( Gorilla beringei beringei)". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 108 (2): 205–210. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.12.011. PMID 16412845. S2CID 29723690. Quammen, D.; Reel, M. (4 April 2013). "Book review: Planet of the ape - 'Between man and beast". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013 . Retrieved 6 April 2013.

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Gorilla family groups each live within relatively small areas of land. Different groups can however occupy converging areas and co-exist peacefully. Csomos, Rebecca Ann (2008). " Gorilla gorilla". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014 . Retrieved 24 August 2023. The proposed third subspecies of Gorilla beringei, which has not yet received a trinomen, is the Bwindi population of the mountain gorilla, sometimes called the Bwindi gorilla.Columbus Zoo announces the death of Colo, world's oldest zoo gorilla". Columbus Zoo. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021 . Retrieved 12 February 2018. Liddell, H. G.; Scott, R. "Γόριλλαι". A Greek-English lexicon. Perseus Digital Library. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Gorillas have been used as opponents to jungle-themed heroes such as Tarzan and Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, [114] as well as superheroes. The DC comics supervillain Gorilla Grodd is an enemy of the Flash. [115] Gorillas also serve as antagonists in the 1968 film Planet of the Apes. [116] More positive and sympathetic portrayals of gorillas include the films Son of Kong (1933), Mighty Joe Young (1949), Gorillas in the Mist (1988) and Instinct (1999) and the 1992 novel Ishmael. [117] Gorillas have been featured in video games as well, notably Donkey Kong. [115] See also Recent research on captive gorilla welfare emphasizes a need to shift to individual assessments instead of a one-size-fits-all group approach to understanding how welfare increases or decreases based on a variety of factors. [96] Individual characteristics such as age, sex, personality and individual histories are essential in understanding that stressors will affect each individual gorilla and their welfare differently. [94] [96] Conservation status Eastern lowland gorilla in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo Smith, R. J.; Jungers, W. L. (1997). "Body mass in comparative primatology". Journal of Human Evolution. 32 (6): 523–559. doi: 10.1006/jhev.1996.0122. PMID 9210017.