The Kings and Queens of England

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The Kings and Queens of England

The Kings and Queens of England

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Hanley, Catherine (2016). Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England. Yale University Press. pp.1066, 1208. ISBN 978-0-300-22164-0. It was not until the late 9th century that one kingdom, Wessex, had become the dominant Anglo-Saxon kingdom. Its king, Alfred the Great, was overlord of western Mercia and used the title King of the Angles and Saxons, but he never ruled eastern and northern England, which was then known as the Danelaw, having earlier been conquered by the Danes from southern Scandinavia. His son Edward the Elder conquered the eastern Danelaw, but Edward's son Æthelstan became the first king to rule the whole of England when he conquered Northumbria in 927, and he is regarded by some modern historians as the first true king of England. [3] [4] The title "King of the English" or Rex Anglorum in Latin, was first used to describe Æthelstan in one of his charters in 928. The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of "King" or "Queen of England".

After the personal union of the crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. [89] (See also Union Flag.) a b "Eadgar (the Ætheling)". archontology.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007 . Retrieved 26 October 2007.After the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, William the Conqueror made permanent the recent removal of the capital from Winchester to London. Following the death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings, the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot elected as king Edgar Ætheling, the son of Edward the Exile and grandson of Edmund Ironside. The young monarch was unable to resist the invaders and was never crowned. William was crowned King William I of England on Christmas Day 1066, in Westminster Abbey, and is today known as William the Conqueror, William the Bastard or William I. Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 19–20.

Fryde, Edmund B., ed. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (3rded.). Royal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-521-56350-5. a b c d "Oliver Cromwell 1599–1658". british-civil-wars.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 25 October 2007. a b "Edward V". archontology.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007 . Retrieved 25 October 2007. I wanted to read this to see what might be said about those Shakespearian characters from Richard II through to Richard III. I was surprised that Shakespeare seems to have kept quite well to the overall story. a b "William III (r. 1689–1702) and Mary II (r. 1689–1694)". royal.gov.uk. 30 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018.

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After a coup d'etat in 1653, Oliver Cromwell forcibly took control of England from Parliament. He dissolved the Rump Parliament at the head of a military force and England entered The Protectorate period, under Cromwell's direct control with the title Lord Protector.

In the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard, with occasional use of Rex Anglie ("King of England"). The Empress Matilda styled herself Domina Anglorum ("Lady of the English"). Eadweard (Edward the Martyr)". archontology.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2007 . Retrieved 17 March 2007. ; "Edward II 'The Martyr' (r. 975–978)". royal.gov.uk. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 . Retrieved 16 January 2018. Elizabeth's cousin, King James VI of Scotland, succeeded to the English throne as James I in the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor, the eldest daughter of Henry VII and wife of James IV of Scotland. In 1604, he adopted the title King of Great Britain. However, the two parliaments remained separate until the Acts of Union 1707. [75] NameThere really is no wonder that so many works of historical fiction have been based around the lives of various Kings and Queens of England! (For example, the wonderful Wolf Hall trilogy) I had thought that perhaps these non fiction accounts of the English monarchy from the Normans through to the current Elizabeth II might be a bit dry . . . but far from it! Nearly every individual biography is filled with drama of one sort or another! There is intrigue, greed, arrogance, defection, conspiracy, affairs, pride (often unwarranted!), foolishness and, on the other hand, loyalty, compassion, wisdom, sincerity and so on. Enough to make a whole series of soap operas! Information-wise, the book is sufficient, but readers who already have a base familiarity with British monarchial history may be disappointed. The writing is also a bit tabloid at times but this may appeal to the broader audience at which this book is aimed. But this ruthlessness, while showing ambition and vigour, was no barrier to incompetence or vainglorious delusion. For most of the middle ages from the Norman Conquest onwards, the kings of England were obsessed with acquiring or re-acquiring large sections of France. They went so far as to claim that they were in fact the rightful kings of France despite all the evidence to the contrary and repeatedly threw all their resources into mounting military expeditions to ruin the lives of thousands of innocent French residents which achieved, in even the medium term, precisely nothing.



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