a b Michael Bazyler (2016). Holocaust, Genocide, and the Law: A Quest for Justice in a Post-Holocaust World. Oxford University Press. pp.169–70.

Issues Relevant to U.S. Foreign Diplomacy: Unification of German States". US Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019 . Retrieved 18 March 2020. Bradsher, Greg (2010). "The Nuremberg Laws". Prologue. Archived from the original on 25 April 2020 . Retrieved 20 March 2020. Claster, Jill N. (1982). Medieval Experience: 300–1400. New York University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8147-1381-5. Germany has a social market economy with a highly skilled labour force, a low level of corruption, and a high level of innovation. [4] [174] [175] It is the world's third-largest exporter and third-largest importer, [4] and has the largest economy in Europe, which is also the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, [176] and the fifth-largest by PPP. [177] Its GDP per capita measured in purchasing power standards amounts to 121% of the EU27 average. [178] The service sector contributes approximately 69% of the total GDP, industry 31%, and agriculture 1% as of 2017 [update]. [4] The unemployment rate published by Eurostat amounts to 3.2% as of January2020 [update], which is the fourth-lowest in the EU. [179]

The worldwide Great Depression hit Germany in 1929. Chancellor Heinrich Brüning's government pursued a policy of fiscal austerity and deflation which caused unemployment of nearly 30% by 1932. [67] The Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler became the largest party in the Reichstag after a special election in 1932 and Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933. [68] After the Reichstag fire, a decree abrogated basic civil rights and the first Nazi concentration camp opened. [69] [70] On 23 March 1933, the Enabling Act gave Hitler unrestricted legislative power, overriding the constitution, [71] and marked the beginning of Nazi Germany. His government established a centralised totalitarian state, withdrew from the League of Nations, and dramatically increased the country's rearmament. [72] A government-sponsored programme for economic renewal focused on public works, the most famous of which was the Autobahn. [73] GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES, TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016 . Retrieved 11 June 2016. In 2019, the investigative project #GermanArmsproved that German weapons play a major role in the war in Yemen. The German government had to admit that the approval of some of the arms deliveries was a mistake, Wezeman said.

Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in seven charts". BBC. 28 January 2016. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016.

Prejudices?

On 11 August 1919, President Friedrich Ebert signed the democratic Weimar Constitution. [63] In the subsequent struggle for power, communists seized power in Bavaria, but conservative elements elsewhere attempted to overthrow the Republic in the Kapp Putsch. Street fighting in the major industrial centres, the occupation of the Ruhr by Belgian and French troops, and a period of hyperinflation followed. A debt restructuring plan and the creation of a new currency in 1924 ushered in the Golden Twenties, an era of artistic innovation and liberal cultural life. [64] [65] [66]

People who knew what happened to Ursula sometimes asked if it made Michael anxious about his own kids, but for some reason it didn’t. Nor did he ever think about looking for the perpetrators himself; that was the job of the police. Though he felt at peace in his life, his sister’s death still felt to him like an “unclosed circle”. The trial, and his status as a co-plaintiff, offered an opportunity to close it. While most nebenklage are passive observers in court, Michael decided to take his role far more seriously. He would not allow the family to be victims a second time. Heather, Peter. "Germany: Ancient History". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019 . Retrieved 21 November 2020. Ein Konzentrationslager für politische Gefangene in der Nähe von Dachau". Münchner Neueste Nachrichten (in German). 21 March 1933. Archived from the original on 10 May 2000. Lemke, Christiane (2010). "Germany's EU Policy: The Domestic Discourse". German Studies Review. 33 (3): 503–516. JSTOR 20787989. The Open Letter is not a secret document. This pamphlet was officially published by the Nazi party on October 16, 1932, three months before Hitler’s seizure of power. His nervous system by that time should have succeeded, we must believe, in completely recovering from the tests of 1923, Hitler already felt himself almost in the government. There remained only the hurdling of the last obstacles. The ruling classes looked towards him hopefully, but not without fear. They were particularly apprehensive of any adventure in “romantic” chauvinism. The aim of the Open Letter was to assure the possessing classes, the bureaucracy, the generals, the immediate retinue of Hindenburg that he, Hitler, contrary to the light-minded avenger vonPapen, would pursue his ends with the greatest caution. The Open Letter discloses a complete system of foreign policy, which only now assumes its full importance. The withdrawal of Germany from the League of Nations was received throughout the entire world as an unexpected and unreasonable improvization. However, it is stated with absolute precision in the Open Letter why Germany would leave Geneva and how it would be necessary to arrange this break.a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Germany)". International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023 . Retrieved 10 October 2023.