After the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, these norms were gradually loosened and many women were able to enter the workforce. Shortly thereafter, a growing number of females began to be permitted to attend schools. Starting with the rule of the People's Republic of China in 1949, all women were freed from compulsory family roles. During the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, some women even worked in fields that were traditionally reserved for males. I am going to do nothing for ever and ever." [41] In the United States [ edit ] Good Housekeeping (American magazine), 1908 Tetrapak advertisement depicting a housewife as a selector and consumer of products, circa 1950 In the late 20th century, in many countries, it became harder for a family to live on a single wage. Subsequently, many women were required to return to work following the birth of their children. However, the number of male homemakers began gradually increasing in the late 20th century, especially in developed Western nations. In 2010, the number of male homemakers in the US had reached its highest point: 2.2million. [54] Though the male role is subject to many stereotypes, and men may have difficulties accessing parenting benefits, communities, and services targeted at mothers, it became more socially acceptable by the 2000s. [55] The male homemaker was more regularly portrayed in the media by the 2000s, especially in the US. However, in some regions of the world, the male homemaker remains a culturally unacceptable role. Dinner would be on the table ready and waiting for the man of the house on his return from work. Housework and the care of children was considered woman’s work so the man would expect the house to be clean and tidy, meal ready, children fed and washed and his clothes all ready for the next day at work.

Regarding family size, a study of three Mexican cities done in 1991 came to the conclusion that there was no significant difference in the number of children in "housewife families" compared to those families with women who worked outside the home. [8] Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' Dies at 85 - The New York Times, 5 February 2006. Webster's Dictionary defines a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household. The British Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (1901) defines a housewife as "the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager [...]". [2] In British English, a small sewing kit is also sometimes called a huswif, [3] :115 housewife or hussif. [4] Another debater, Monica Boëthius [ sv], described the fact that many women did not work as economically indefensible. In a book of debates, Boëthius posed the question "Can we afford wives?" [26] Women, Boëthius argued, represented an underutilized reserve of labor that, if tapped, could significantly increase the purchasing power and standard of living of households. [24] Boëthius built on the ideas of the economist Per Holmberg, [27] as expressed in the book Kynne eller kön? in 1966. [28] In 1911, 90% of wives were not employed in the work force. Ann Oakley, author of Woman's Work: The Housewife, Past, and Present, describes the role of a 19th-century housewife as "a demeaning one, consisting of monotonous, fragmented work which brought no financial remuneration, let alone any recognition." [35] As a middle class housewife, typical duties consisted of organizing and maintaining a home that emphasized the male breadwinner's financial success. Throughout this time period, the role of the housewife was not only accepted in society, but a sought-after desire. [35] Eventually, women, due to the difficulty and consuming nature of these tasks, began to focus solely on one profession. By focusing on a particular niche, women spent more time outside of the home, where they could flourish independently.The governments of communist countries in the early and middle 20th century, such as the Soviet Union and China, encouraged married women to keep working after giving birth. There were very few housewives in communist countries until free market economic reform in the 1990s, which led to a resurgence in the number of housewives. Conversely, in the Western World of the 1950s, many women quit their jobs to be housewives after giving birth. Only 11% of married women in the US kept working after giving birth. [49] Hilton, Matthew (March 2002). "The Female Consumer and the Politics of Consumption in Twentieth-Century Britain". The Historical Journal. 45 (1): 103–128. doi: 10.1017/S0018246X01002266. ISSN 1469-5103. S2CID 154379558. Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas, held at the National Archives;, year: 1452, reign of King Henry VI; image: http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT3/H6/CP40no764/bCP40no764dorses/IMG_1577.htm, 4th entry, as a defendant in a plea of debt a b c Qvarsebo, Jonas (2002). "En ny människa för en ny familj: med 1970-talets nya syn på familjen blev hemmafrun den samlande symbolen för en omodern, reaktionär och patriarkalisk människosyn". Tvärsnitt (in Swedish). 24 (3): 26–41. ISSN 0348-7997.

Lastly to know when meate is rosted enough, for as too much rareness is unwholsome, so too much drinesse is not nourishing. Therefore to know when it is in the perfit height, and is neither too moist nor too drie: you shall observe these signes first in your large joints of meate, when the stemme or stroke of the meate offendeth, either upright, or els goeth from the fire, when it beginneth to shrinke from the spit, or when the gravy which droppeth from it is cleere without bloodinesse. [6] Gervase Markham's recipe for Banbury Cake, in The English Huswife, 1615 Banbury cakes As a housewife in the United Kingdom, females were encouraged to be precise and systematic when following duties. In 1869, R. K. Phillip published a household manual, titled, The Reason Why: The Domestic Science. The manual taught women how to perform certain duties, as well as the necessity behind their household chores. [36] Cookbooks and manuals provided exact measurements and instructions for baking and cooking, written in an eloquent manner. Complicated recipes required a knowledge of math – arithmetic, fractions, and ratios. Cookbooks and household manuals were written for women, therefore, eliminating the idea of men participating in domestic duties. [36] Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (1982). Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750 Nude color and extremely sheer pantyhose. Red and gold finger nails. Whoops ... i should have worn a new silver anklet...sorry Michael. Whether the productive contributions of women were considered "work" varied by time and culture. Throughout much of the 20th century, the women working on a family farm, no matter how much work they did, would be counted in the US census as being unemployed, whereas the men doing the same or (even less) work were counted as being employed as farmers. [7] Modern society [ edit ]Dement, Alice L. (1960). "Higher Education of the Housewife: Wanted or Wasted?". The Journal of Higher Education. Ohio State University Press. 31 (1 (January)): 28–32. doi: 10.2307/1977571. JSTOR 1977571. Coercion or Persuasion: Propaganda in Britain after 1945, William Crofts, Routledge, London, pp. 99-109, especially p. 106 where the League's funding by the Road Haulage Association, then distantly threatened with nationalisation, is discussed. (Best account is Hinton's see sources). Dorothy Crisp is the historical figure who most resembles Margaret Thatcher Livingston, Gretchen (5 June 2014). "Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids". Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project . Retrieved 22 March 2016. Some feminists [5] [6] and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism, the methodological approach of Marxist historiography) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures. A housewife typically works many unpaid hours a week and often depends on income from her husband's work for financial support.

Boëthius, Monica (1967). Har vi råd med fruar?: en ofullständig handbok i misshushållningens alla grenar (in Swedish). Proprius förlag. OCLC 478026871.a Chinese-English translation web (译言网）:Will Chinese women rule the world?". Archived from the original on 4 July 2014 . Retrieved 30 May 2014.

British Pathé newsreel 12 June 1947, "One Minute News". British Housewives League demonstrate in London. LS General view of the crowd of women in Trafalgar Square. CU a banner saying "We work and want" from the Bath Housewives league. BV of woman speaking from steps of Nelson's Column. [1] Similarly, there is considerable variation in the stay-at-home mother's attitude towards domestic work not related to caring for children. Some may embrace a traditional role of housewife by cooking and cleaning in addition to caring for children. Others see their primary role as that of childcare providers, supporting their children's physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development while sharing or outsourcing other aspects of caring for the home. Lepard, Dan (6 January 2012). "Dan Lepard's recipes for eccles cakes and banbury cakes". The Guardian . Retrieved 12 February 2016.Find sources: "Housewife"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( August 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Now how could a man teach this to women? they can't therefore...i tell you I am not a cd. tv, xdresser. The reformers were opposed by more conservative groups, who believed that women's role was to look after the home, bring up children and support the working man. One organization that sought to raise public opinion against the reforms was Rädda familjen, 'Save the Family'. It began its work in January 1970, protesting what it saw as an attempt to dismantle the structure of the family through Marxist reforms. [27] In the 1970 petition campaign, Rädda familjen collected 63,000 signatures to which it attached its letter of protest against the family policy reform proposals. The organization published books of debate in polemics with reform advocates during the early 1970s. [30] [31] [32] In today's Sweden, where most women are educated and gainfully employed, there is seldom talk about being a housewife without being on parental leave (or maternity leave, and for men, paternity leave). During this period, parents receive financial compensation through the parental insurance program [ sv]. Traditional housewives are now quite rare in Sweden.