Peregrine is widespread and exhibits considerable variation, with sixteen subspecies recognised worldwide. Nominate peregrinus breeds across Europe and northern Asia but is replaced across northernmost Arctic regions by calidus (‘Russian Peregrine’), a long distance migrant. Similarly, in North America the subspecies anatum is replaced in northernmost regions by tundrius (‘Tundra Peregrine’), also a long distance migrant.

Shrikes (Laniidae) of the World - NHBS The True Shrikes (Laniidae) of the World - NHBS

Golawski, A.; Mroz, E.; Golawska, S. (2020). "The function of food storing in shrikes: the importance of larders for the condition of females and during inclement weather". The European Zoological Journal. 87 (1): 282–293. doi: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1769208. ISSN 2475-0263.

Identification is not always clear-cut. There is considerable individual and sex-related variation in both subspecies whilst intergradation between alba and guttata means that only darker guttata (predominantly females) are safely diagnosable and paler guttata may be overlooked. The key features are uniformly deep buff underparts extending to the tarsi, undertail coverts and underwing coverts, extensive dark grey hues in the upperparts and dark areas around the eyes (French 2009). The identification of ‘classic’ homeyeri rests largely on the amount of white in the secondaries and spread tail but is hampered by the significant individual, age and sex-related and geographical variation both within this subspecies and within excubitor. Two broad plumage types of the latter are recognised – a darker morph with white restricted to the primaries (most prevalent in the northern part of the range and formerly given the name ‘ melanopterus’) and a paler morph with white extending onto the secondaries (most prevalent in France and Germany and forrmerly given the name ‘ galliae’). This latter type may approach homeyeri in appearance, as, might excubitor/ homeyeri intergrades. And although the Northern Shrike is doing well for now, its Arctic range is vulnerable to climate change, and this species could lose more than three-quarters of its habitat if global temperatures rise by 1.5°C. Policies enacted by Congress and federal agencies, such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, have a huge impact on America's birds. You can help shape these rules for the better by telling lawmakers to prioritize birds, bird habitat, and bird-friendly measures. To get started, visit ABC's Action Center. Description [ edit ] Shrike on a Winter Tree, silk painting by Li Di (李迪). China, Song dynasty, 1187 AD

Shrikes of the World by Norbert Lefranc | Perlego [PDF] Shrikes of the World by Norbert Lefranc | Perlego

Claims of minor should be accompanied by biometrics. Details of a ringed bird would of course provide additional evidence. ( updated Dec 2017 AMS). The species accounts give information about the past and current distribution, along with threats and conservation status. Detailed and fully revised maps accompany the authoritative text, along with hundreds of high-quality photos showcasing racial and ageing differences as well as interesting aspects of shrike behaviour. An exceptional new series of plates by Tim Worfolk have been created, with more individual plumages shown than in the previous edition. The subspecies comminutus is a declining breeder in Britain. Nominate minor is not on the British List although it has a history of autumn irruptions in Scandinavia and the Baltic region and is a potential vagrant. A bird on Shetland in October 2012 (the first for Scotland following its earlier removal from the Scottish List) coincided with a major irruption of this species in northern Europe. The circumstantial evidence that this bird was minor is therefore very strong. However, at present the observers and the committee have been unable to establish any criteria which might enable this individual to be assigned to minor with full confidence.The subspecies britannicus is very common in Britain. The status of nominate ater in Britain is, however, somewhat obscure but its occurrence here has been confirmed by ringing recoveries (Wernham et al. 2002). It is perhaps best regarded as a scarce, irruptive migrant and may even have bred on Scilly in the late 1970s (Kehoe 2006, Parkin & Knox 2010). The subspecies hibernicus is presumably a potential vagrant. Yosef, Reuven; Whitman, Douglas W. (1992). "Predator exaptations and defensive adaptations in evolutionary balance: No defence is perfect". Evolutionary Ecology. 6 (6): 527–536. doi: 10.1007/BF02270696. S2CID 23312866. Coal Tit comprises a very large number of subspecies across the whole width of the Palearctic. Only three are of relevance here, however. The subspecies britannicus (‘British Coal Tit’) is endemic to Britain and north-east Ireland, nominate ater (‘Continental Coal Tit’) breeds right across Europe and Asia and hibernicus (‘Irish Coal Tit’) breeds in Ireland except in the north-east where it intergrades with britannicus (Cramp et al. 1993). Lewington, I. 1999. Separation of Pallid Swift and pekinensis Common Swift. Birding World 12: 450-452. Claims of ‘classic’ guttata are welcomed if accompanied by detailed notes and preferably photographs. Details of a ringed or marked bird would provide additional evidence.

Shrike - Wikipedia

Both nominate senator and badius are on the British List, the former a scarce migrant, the latter very rare with ten accepted records to date. The subspecies niloticus is not on the British List but is a potential vagrant. Shrike". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)Vireonidae, vireos, including Cyclarhis peppershrikes, Vireolanius shrike-vireos and Pteruthius shrike-babblers