Recently, an intergovernmental entity has been formed which aims to merge the two existing customs unions: Mercosur and the Andean Community, thus forming the third-largest trade bloc in the world. [71] The independence of South America was secured by Simón Bolívar (Venezuela) and José de San Martín (Argentina), the two most important Libertadores. Bolívar led a great uprising in the north, then led his army southward towards Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Meanwhile, San Martín led an army across the Andes Mountains, along with Chilean expatriates, and liberated Chile. He organized a fleet to reach Peru by sea, and sought the military support of various rebels from the Viceroyalty of Peru. The two armies finally met in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where they cornered the Royal Army of the Spanish Crown and forced its surrender.

South to America Explores Imani Perry’s Journey Back Home South to America Explores Imani Perry’s Journey Back Home

An estimated 90% of South Americans are Christians [74] (82% Roman Catholic, 8% other Christian denominations mainly traditional Protestants and Evangelicals but also Orthodox), accounting for 19% of Christians worldwide.Important factors in the determination of climates are sea currents, such as the current Humboldt and Falklands. The equatorial current of the South Atlantic strikes the coast of the Northeast and there is divided into two others: the current of Brazil and a coastal current that flows to the northwest towards the Antilles, where there it moves towards northeast course thus forming the most Important and famous ocean current in the world, the Gulf Stream. [33] [36] Fauna [ edit ] Panama". The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021 . Retrieved 21 May 2012. Historically, the Hispanic countries were founded as Republican dictatorships led by caudillos. Brazil was the only exception, being a constitutional monarchy for its first 67 years of independence, until a coup d'état proclaimed a republic. In the late 19th century, the most democratic countries were Brazil, [69] Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. [70] In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, Moche (100 BC– 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), Paracas and Nazca (400 BC– 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through irrigation and new styles of ceramic art. At the Altiplano, Tiahuanaco or Tiwanaku (100 BC– 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion.

South to America: A Journey Below the Mason-Dixon to South to America: A Journey Below the Mason-Dixon to

American". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) South America, the fourth-largest continent, extends from the Gulf of Darién in the northwest to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego in the south.There are no historic firsts, no grand gestures, no monuments or museums that undo generations of exclusions under law, policy, and practice, or that stop the expulsion. It makes me want to holler. Tell the truth. What is this symbolic republic?” Physiographically, South America also includes some of the nearby islands. The Dutch ABC islands ( Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao), the islands of Trinidad and Tobago ( Trinidad Island and Tobago Island etc.), the State of Nueva Esparta, and the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela sit on the northern portion of the South American continental shelf and are sometimes considered parts of the continent. Geopolitically, all the island countries and territories in the Caribbean have generally been grouped as a subregion of North America instead. By contrast, Aves Island (administered by Venezuela) and the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina ( San Andrés Island, Providencia Island, and Santa Catalina Island etc., which are administered by Colombia) are politically parts of South American countries but physiographically parts of North America. [16] [24] [25] An elegant meditation on the complexities of the American South—and thus of America—by an esteemed daughter of the South and one of the great intellectuals of our time. An inspiration.” —Isabel Wilkerson Ambassador Rubens A. Barbosa. "Mercosul in the Regional Context". Archived from the original on 30 September 2006 . Retrieved 19 May 2007.