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Wild Harbour

Wild Harbour

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Amano M, Kusumoto M, Abe M, Akamatsu T. Long-term effectiveness of pingers on a small population of finless porpoises in Japan. Endanger Species Res. 2017;32: 35–40. Schaffeld, T. et al. The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146, 4288–4298 (2019). Leeney RH, Dia IM, Dia M. Food, pharmacy, friend? Bycatch, direct take and consumption of dolphins in West Africa. Hum Ecol. 2015;43: 105–118.

Larsen, F., Krog, C. & Eigaard, O. R. Determining optimal pinger spacing for harbour porpoise bycatch mitigation. Endang. Species Res. 20(2), 147–152 (2013). Shepherd’s and Macpherson’s journeys to the Cairngorms could not be more different in tone or emphasis, but both writers find, whether focusing on life or death, a way of inhabiting the world. Wild Harbour , in a way unlike the vast majority of apocalyptic fictions, shows ways to live with disaster, even if that life is fleeting and contingent.

Lyamin, O. I., Korneva, S. M., Rozhnov, V. V. & Mukhametov, L. M. Cardiorespiratory responses to acoustic noise in Belugas. In The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II (eds Popper, A. N. & Hawkins, A.) 665–672 (Springer New York, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_80. Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O. D. & Teilmann, J. Impacts of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises: acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-Pods). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 321, 295–308 (2006).

While studies show a decreased presence of porpoises in relation to active AHDs 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, detailed information on the behavioural and physiological responses of individual cetaceans to AHDs is non-existent to our knowledge. Porpoises and other prey species may have evolved innate anti-predator responses to sounds akin to those of their predator species. Given the similarity to killer whale vocalisations (frequency range from below 1 kHz to 20 kHz 13, 14), tonal sounds from sonars or AHDs may thus trigger innate defence responses in prey species such as harbour porpoises. AHDs may therefore provoke costly anti-predator responses 15, 16, such as freezing in silence 17 or flight 18. Furthermore, the high SL and fast rise times of AHD pulses may evoke acoustic startle responses 19 as recently documented in captive odontocetes including harbour porpoises 20, 21, 22. In the startle response, muscles of the whole body flinch instantly as a pre-cognitive protective measure from potentially harmful sudden stimuli 3, 23, and may be accompanied by heart rate fluctuations 24. I had confirmation my rights would be returned prior to the liquidation but Freight held on to them anyway. Throughout, thepublisher would tell me one thing and do another... I still don't have my rights and have no idea when I will. Nor do I expect to see a single penny of the four-figure sum owed to me. Shambolic doesn't come close." Wright AJ, Akamatsu T, Mouritsen KN, Sveegaard S, Dietz R, Teilmann J. Silent porpoise: potential sleeping behaviour identified in wild harbour porpoises. Anim Behav. 2017;133: 211–222.To our knowledge, the current study is the first attempt to observe the foraging activity of harbour porpoises around a bottom-gillnet as an actual fishery deployment. Harbour porpoises appeared around the bottom-gillnet set-up every day during the observation periods, and the vast majority of instances of presence around the net did not result in bycatch. However, for the period category BB (on the day prior to a set with a bycatch event), the number of presences and the presence probability were greater than for the period category NB (days prior to sets with no bycatch event). The average of presence duration was about 9 min, and, in some extreme cases, the presence duration exceeded 1 h—too long for a porpoise to be just passing along the net. Based on the results, it is suggested that harbour porpoises often stayed around the net, rather than just appearing as they passed by, even when no bycatch occurred. Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries. Fisheries Census of 2013. Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo (in Japanese); 2013. May 1944 – This morning I said to Terry, ‘I thought I heard the guns through the night. ’‘Were you awake too?’ she asked. Something has happened in Europe. Fearing the approach of war to Britain, Terry and Hugh retreat from their home to the remote highlands of Scotland, prepared to live a simple existence together whilst the fighting resolves itself far away. Encouraged by Terry, Hugh begins a journal to note down the highs and lows of this return to nature, and to process their concerns of the oncoming danger. But as the sounds of guns by night grow louder, the grim prospect of encroaching war threatens to invade their cherish isolation and demolish any hope of future peace. Owen, K., Andrews, R. D., Baird, R. W., Schorr, G. S. & Webster, D. L. Lunar cycles influence the diving behavior and habitat use of short-finned pilot whales around the main Hawaiian Islands. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 629, 193–206 (2019).

Calls from the tagged animal often co-occurred with similar calls from conspecifics and the maximum time without the acoustic presence of conspecifics ranged between 22 and 180 minutes (Table 1). Individual recordings had a high percentage of conspecific positive minutes between 9.9% and 58.8% of all one-minute intervals of the total recording time (Table 1). For the two females accompanied by calves and for one juvenile male, the call rate for each tagged animal averaged over six minute bins was significantly correlated with the rate of calls from nearby conspecifics (hp12_293a: p < 0.0002, hp13_102a: p < 0.0002, hp16_264a: p < 0.0322 at 5000 permutations) (Fig. 2b). Validating the functional distinction between buzzes and calls Dawson, S. M. C. and Communication: The behavioural and social contexts of Hector’s Dolphin vocalisations. Ethology 88, 265–276 (1991). Authors have called the situation "depressing" and have said the way it has been handled "truly appalling".Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A. & Richards, A. F. Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89, 987–990 (1992). Williams, T. M., Peter-Heide Jørgensen, M., Pagano, A. M. & Bryce, C. M. Hunters versus hunted: New perspectives on the energetic costs of survival at the top of the food chain. Funct. Ecol. 34, 2015–2029 (2020). Data collected from 12:00 on the 6th of June 2016 to 11:59 on the 6th of June 2017 were selected for analysis. During the entire 365 days of recordings, there were in all 7 days with no collected data due to technical issues with the data logger and data retrieval. Only the periods with no missing data were included in the analysis, further limiting the sample size to 345 for daylight and 354 for night-time. Porpoise data analysis

Reynolds, J. E. & Rommel, S. A. Biology of Marine Mammals. (Washington D.C., London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999).

Materials & methods

Finley, K. J., Miller, G. W., Davis, R. A. & Greene, C. R. Reaction of Belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, and Narwhals, Monodon monoceros, to ice-breaking ships in the Canadian High Arctic. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 224, 97–117 (1990).



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