Bovine milk contains a variety of cations and anions traditionally referred to as "minerals" or "milk salts". Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate, and chloride are all included and they typically occur at concentrations of 5–40 mM. The milk salts strongly interact with casein, most notably calcium phosphate. It is present in excess and often, much greater excess of solubility of solid calcium phosphate. [81] In addition to calcium, milk is a good source of many other vitamins. Vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, K, E, thiamine, niacin, biotin, riboflavin, folates, and pantothenic acid are all present in milk.

a b P.J. Atkins (1978). "The Growth of London's Railway Milk Trade, c. 1845–1914". Journal of Transport History. ss-4 (4): 208–26. doi: 10.1177/002252667800400402. S2CID 158443104. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021 . Retrieved December 3, 2017. Valenze, D.M. (2011). "Virtuous White Liquor in the Middle Ages". Milk: a local and global history. New Haven: Yale University Press. p.34. ISBN 978-0-300-11724-0. Waarom drinken we de melk van varkens niet?". NRC. June 22, 2010. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020 . Retrieved December 31, 2017.Stannard, Hayley J.; Old, Julie J. (2023). "Wallaby joeys and platypus puggles are tiny and undeveloped when born. But their mother's milk is near-magical". The Conversation. The females of all mammal species can, by definition, produce milk, but cow's milk dominates commercial production. In 2011, FAO estimates 85% of all milk worldwide was produced from cows. [53] Human milk is not produced or distributed industrially or commercially; however, human milk banks collect donated human breastmilk and redistribute it to infants who may benefit from human milk for various reasons (premature neonates, babies with allergies, metabolic diseases, etc.) but who cannot breastfeed. [54] a b Oftedal, Olav T. (2002). "The mammary gland and its origin during synapsid evolution". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 225–52. doi: 10.1023/A:1022896515287. PMID 12751889. S2CID 25806501. Further activations include a partnership with HelloFresh, Tesco and Sainsbury’s to distribute samples. Hu, Yaoming; Meng, Jin; Clark, James M (2009). "A New Tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 385–91. doi: 10.4202/app.2008.0053.

According to the US National Bison Association, American bison (also called American buffalo) are not milked commercially; [56] however, various sources report cows resulting from cross-breeding bison and domestic cattle are good milk producers, and have been used both during the European settlement of North America [57] and during the development of commercial Beefalo in the 1970s and 1980s. [58]PS42 (February 1942). Magic of chemurgy duplicated in the home laboratory. Popular Science. p.199. Archived from the original on February 23, 2021 . Retrieved October 19, 2020. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link)