a b c Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. Wong, T.-S.; Kang, S.H.; Tang, S.K.Y.; Smythe, E.J.; Hatton, B.D.; Grinthal, A.; Aizenberg, J. (2011). "Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity" (PDF). Nature. 477 (7365): 443–447. Bibcode: 2011Natur.477..443W. doi: 10.1038/nature10447. PMID 21938066. S2CID 4300247. Organisms that spend at least part of their lives within the pitchers of Nepenthes species are often called Nepenthes infauna. The most common infaunal species, often representing the top trophic level of the infaunal ecosystem, are many species of mosquito larvae. Other infaunal species include fly and midge larvae, spiders, mites, ants, and even a species of crab ( Geosesarma malayanum). Many of these species specialise to one pitcher plant species and are found nowhere else. These specialists are called nepenthebionts. Others, often associated with but not dependent on Nepenthes species, are called nepenthophiles. Nepenthexenes, on the other hand, are rarely found in the pitchers, but will often appear when putrefaction approaches a certain threshold, attracting fly larvae that would normally not be found in the pitcher infaunal community. The complex ecological relationship between pitcher plants and infauna is not yet fully understood, but the relationship may be mutualistic: the infauna is given shelter, food, or protection, and the plant that harbours the infauna receives expedited breakdown of captured prey, increasing the rate of digestion and keeping harmful bacterial populations repressed. [35] [40] [41] Antimicrobial properties [ edit ] In the short video ( you can watch here), which has been viewed 793.6k times, Meggy G is in her kitchen with what looks like a rainbow travel mug version of the Meoky cup and a bottle of wine. Carlquist, S (1981). "Wood Anatomy of Nepenthaceae". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 108 (3): 324–330. doi: 10.2307/2484711. JSTOR 2484711.

Failure to produce pitchers: Increase the humidity and ensure that the plant is receiving sufficient light. Repotting is a rare practice for carnivorous plants, as their root systems tend to be quite sparse. Only use a 'Carnivorous' labelled potting mix during a transplant, as anything else will contain too many chemicals that'll lead to fertiliser-burn. As the name suggests, lowland varieties of Nepenthes grow in ‘low-lying’ terrain throughout their native habitat. This habitat ranges from sea-level to around 3,000ft in altitude up the side of tropical mountains.As explained,daylength, sunlight and rainfall remains very constant throughout the year. Due to their limited range at lower altitudes, the temperature in their habitat does not change significantly, including fluctuations between day and night time temperatures. Description [ edit ] Nepenthes mirabilis at the Periyar Tiger Reserve, in Southern Western Ghats of India

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Chia, T.F.; Aung, H.H.; Osipov, A.N.; Goh, N.K.; Chia, L.S. (2004). "Carnivorous pitcher plant uses free radicals in the digestion of prey". Redox Report. 9 (5): 255–261. doi: 10.1179/135100004225006029. PMID 15606978. The pitcher is actually a swelling of the mid-vein in the leaf. Insects are attracted to these pitchers due to nectar secretions and colouration of the pitcher. Once the insect falls into the pitcher, they are digested by the fluid at the bottom of the trap. The Asian Pitcher Plant, or Tropical Pitcher Plant or Nepenthes, can be found in its natural habitat in the tropical regions of Asia – mainly Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore and New Guinea. The name Monkey Cups comes from monkeys occasionally drinking the fluid found in the pitchers.

Schulze, W.; Frommer, W.B.; Ward, J.M. (1999). " Transporters for ammonium, amino acids and peptides are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes". The Plant Journal. 17 (6): 637–646. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00414.x. PMID 10230062. Phyllamphoramirabilis was eventually transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Rafarin in 1869. [55] As such, P.mirabilis is the basionym of this most cosmopolitan of tropical pitcher plant species. [35] Keep the plant outside once the nighttime temperatures are above 10⁰C (50⁰F) so that it can catch its own prey. There's nothing better for a carnivorous plant than to allow it to breathe, digest, and photosynthesise in the fresh outdoors without human intervention. Mithöfer, A (2011). "Carnivorous pitcher plants: insights in an old topic". Phytochemistry. 72 (13): 1678–1682. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.024. PMID 21185041.

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Now these keep cool for up to 36 hours, so if you're looking to have a bottle of wine down the beach on a summer's day, I would invest in one of these.' Bauer, U.; Bohn, H.F.; Federle, W. (2008). "Harmless nectar source or deadly trap: Nepenthes pitchers are activated by rain, condensation and nectar". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 275 (1632): 259–265. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1402. PMC 2593725. PMID 18048280. Complete dehydration will cause the foliage to crisp up and die. Instead of discarding the plant, remove all of the affected leaves and maintain moist soil. Monkey Cup Plants have a modified stem, whereby its 'rhizome' will still store enough energy to reproduce new foliage. Have a look at the image below to learn more. Robinson, A.S.; Fleischmann, A.S.; McPherson, S.R.; Heinrich, V.B.; Gironella, E.P.; Peña, C.Q. (2009). "A spectacular new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant from central Palawan, Philippines". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 159 (2): 195–202. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00942.x.