In Portugal's Beira region, thistle flowers are used in cheese making, as a source of enzymes to coagulate the milk. " Serra da Estrela" is not only the name of a mountain chain in this country, " Serra da Estrela" is also the name of one of the most appreciated cheeses made from sheep's milk. [13] Economic significance [ edit ] A new 36t, A60 rated local equipment room module was supplied by Aiken Group. Custom Consoles supplied a customised SteelBase desk and auxiliary furniture for the engineering control room of the platform. The silymarin extracted from milk thistle is known to have antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties ( 2, 3, 4). Mikulcová, V., Kašpárková, V., Humpolíček, P. & Buňková, L. Formulation, characterization and properties of hemp seed oil and its emulsions. Molecules 22, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050700 (2017).

One study also found that it may slightly extend the life expectancy of people with cirrhosis of the liver due to alcoholic liver disease ( 10). Valková, V., et al. (2020). Milk thistle (silybum marianum): A valuable medicinal plant with several therapeutic purposes. Zarrouka, A. et al. Profile of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and polyphenols in mediterranean oils (Argan oils, olive oils, milk thistle seed oils and nigella seed oil) and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Curr. Pharm. Des. 25, 1791–1805. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190705192902 (2019).Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi: 10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487. Nature In Bottle certify that Milk Thistle Seed Oil is free of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). We further declare that this product is Dioxin Free. Lommatzsch, M., et al. (2020). Immune modulation in asthma: Current concepts and future strategies. Thistles, even if one restricts the term to members of the Asteraceae, are too varied a group for generalisation. Many are troublesome weeds, including some invasive species of Cirsium, Carduus, Silybum and Onopordum. [14] Typical adverse effects are competition with crops and interference with grazing in pastures, where dense growths of spiny vegetation suppress forage plants and repel grazing animals from eating either the thistle plants or neighbouring forage. Some species, although not intensely poisonous, affect the health of animals that swallow more than small amounts of the material. [15] [16] Conceptualization, M.K.; methodology, M.K. and A.G.-P.; investigation, A.P., M.T. and E.G.; resources, A.G.-P. and M.K.; data curation, A.P., M.T., M.K., A.G.-P. and E.G.; writing—original draft preparation, A.P., M.T, M.K. and E.G.; writing—review and editing, A.G.-P.; visualization, A.P., M.T. and E.G.; supervision, M.K.; project administration, M.K.; funding acquisition, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Corresponding author

Rice Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J. & Paganga, G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 20, 933–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9 (1996).

Can we help?

High cholesterol can lead to problems with heart health and increase a person’s chance of stroke. Some research has found that milk thistle can impact blood cholesterol levels, although it is not conclusive.

Hong, S., Sowndhararajan, K., Joo, T., Lim, C., Cho, H., Kim, S., Kim, G. & Jhoo, J. Ethanol and supercritical fluid extracts of hemp seed ( Cannabis sativa L.) increase gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells. Asian Pac. J. Reprod., 4, 147–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(15)30012-9 (2015). It’s been suggested that oxidative stress in the body may play a role in the development of acne ( 41).

FAQs

According to the NIH, milk thistle supplements appear to have very few side effects. Rarely, taking milk thistle may cause: