In animals, sex pheromones indicate the availability of the female for breeding. Male animals may also emit pheromones that convey information about their species and genotype. Son of Ptolemy IX; deposed in 58 BC Reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death in 51 BC Salmon S, Rebuffat S, Prado S, Sablier M, d'Haese C, Sun JS, Ponge JF (2019-05-20). "Chemical communication in springtails: a review of facts and perspectives" (PDF). Biology and Fertility of Soils. 55 (5): 425–438. doi: 10.1007/s00374-019-01365-8. ISSN 0178-2762. S2CID 159042283. Hunt ER, Franks NR, Baddeley RJ (June 2020). "The Bayesian superorganism: externalized memories facilitate distributed sampling". Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. 17 (167): 20190848. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0848. PMC 7328406. PMID 32546115. in Autenrieth, Georg(1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers

The Mask of Tutankhamun from tomb KV62 in the Valley of the Kings. Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealthClayton, Peter A. Chronicle of the Pharaohs the Reign-by-reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson, 2012. Print. Greek lexicon based on Thayer's and Smith's Bible Dictionary plus others; this is keyed to the large Kittel and the "Theological Dictionary of the New Testament." These files are public domain.

The Fifteenth Dynasty arose from among the Hyksos people who emerged from the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile region, and ruled from 1674 to 1535 BC. Phero Na Najariya is a hindi song released in 2022. Which album is the song Phero Na Najariya from? Effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian administration. Enjoyed the longest reign of his dynasty, with likely more than 35 years on the throne. Cleopatra strove to create a dynastic and political union between Egypt and Rome, but the assassination of Caesar and the defeat of Mark Antony doomed her plans. [ citation needed] Theban nomarch ( Iry-pat) serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty.In reptiles, amphibia and non-primate mammals pheromones are detected by regular olfactory membranes, and also by the vomeronasal organ (VNO), or Jacobson's organ, which lies at the base of the nasal septum between the nose and mouth and is the first stage of the accessory olfactory system. [35] While the VNO is present in most amphibia, reptiles, and non-primate mammals, [36] it is absent in birds, adult catarrhine monkeys (downward facing nostrils, as opposed to sideways), and apes. [37] An active role for the human VNO in the detection of pheromones is disputed; while it is clearly present in the fetus it appears to be atrophied, shrunk or completely absent in adults. Three distinct families of vomeronasal receptors, putatively pheromone sensing, have been identified in the vomeronasal organ named V1Rs, V2Rs, and V3Rs. All are G protein-coupled receptors but are only distantly related to the receptors of the main olfactory system, highlighting their different role. [35] Evolution [ edit ] Ruled jointly with Akhenaten during the later years of his reign. Unknown if Smenkhare ever ruled in his own right. Carlson NR (2013). Physiology of behavior (11thed.). Boston: Pearson. p.335. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9. Altenmüller, Hartwig; Kloth, Nicole (January 1, 2008). Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur Band 37. Helmut Buske Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87548-937-8– via Google Books. Baker, Darrell D. (2008). Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC. Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. p.3. ISBN 978-977-416-221-3.

Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records and, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Concerning ancient sources, Egyptologists and historians alike call for caution in regard to the credibility, exactitude and completeness of these sources, many of which were written long after the reigns they report. [4] An additional problem is that ancient king lists are often damaged, inconsistent with one another and/or selective. Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice IIIManetho's Stephinates. May have been a descendant of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. The father of Necho I. Furthermore, it has been suggested that in the evolution of unicellular prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes, primordial pheromone signaling between individuals may have evolved to paracrine and endocrine signaling within individual organisms. [39]