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This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. The section covering the geography starts with a speculation about the origin of the Muslim sanctuary in Arabia:

Surah Al-Baqarah 2:122 - 2:126 - Towards Understanding the Quran". Tafheem. Islamic Foundation UK . Retrieved 30 May 2021. The Station of Ibrahim ( Maqam Ibrahim) is a glass and metal enclosure with what is said to be an imprint of Ibrahim's feet. Ibrahim is said to have stood on this stone during the construction of the upper parts of the Kaaba, raising Ismail on his shoulders for the uppermost parts. [87] In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. Our Lord, accept from us that You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. He commanded the perfection of melodious chanting inside the house. Our Lord, the honorable and victorious Sultan Qaytbay, may God immortalize his kingdom, Lord of the worlds, on the first of the month of Rajab in the year eight hundred and eighty-four AH.” Significance in Islam Issa 3d,”Inside Kaaba 3d,” (Kaaba- first time the 360), accessed November 4, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oviQ-L9Kv9QAccording to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ismail's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. [30] A king named Tubba' is considered the first one to have a door be built for the Kaaba according to sayings recorded in Al-Azraqi's Akhbar Makka. [56] Ptolemy and Diodorus Siculus The Kaaba was first covered by Abu Karab As’ad, in 60 BC approximately. [7] The cover was made of valuable materials, as a symbol of his respect for the Kaaba. After that, the Kaaba has been covered with the most valuable materials, following the tradition of showing respect. [15]

Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan (1994). Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University. pp.3 ff. ISBN 978-9694081366. al-Bayt al-Ḥarām (Arabic: ٱلْبَيْت ٱلْحَرَام, lit.'The Sacred House') in 5:97 by Allah [ Quran 5:97] a b Bevan, Alex; De Laeter, John (2002). Meteorites: A Journey Through Space and Time. UNSW Pres. pp.14–15. ISBN 978-0-86840-490-5.The general architecture of the Kaaba remained the same until 1630 because people wanted to keep the original architecture. Only simple repairs and small decorations were made during this long period of time. In 1630, three walls of the Kaaba were heavily damaged by a storm. Then, it was restored by Murad IV, 17th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Kaaba has remained the same after this renovation. [5] Religious Significance [ change | change source ] The most severely punished on the Day of Qiyamah will be those who make (animate) pictures.” (Sahih al-Bukhari). The Kaaba was bombarded with stones in the second siege of Mecca in 692, in which the Umayyad army was led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. The fall of the city and the death of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. In 693 CE, 'Abd al-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's Kaaba razed, and rebuilt it on the foundations set by the Quraysh. The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time. [ citation needed] Golia, Maria (2015). Meteorite: Nature and Culture. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1780235479. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023 . Retrieved 30 October 2020. The Times of History: Universal Topics in Islamic Historiography. Central European University Press. p.105. ISBN 978-963-7326-73-8.

Lapidus, Ira M. (13 October 2014). A history of Islamic societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521514309. OCLC 853114008. Ham, Anthony; Shams, Martha Brekhus; Madden, Andrew (2004). Saudi Arabia. Lonely Planet Publications. p.75. ISBN 978-1-74059-667-1. Grady, Monica M.; Graham, A.L. (2000). Grady, Monica M. (ed.). Catalogue of meteorites: with special reference to those represented in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Vol.1. Cambridge University Press. p.263. ISBN 978-0-521-66303-8. The Rukn al-Yamani ( Arabic: الركن اليمني, romanized: ar-Rukn al-Yamani, lit.'The Yemeni Corner'), also known as Rukn-e-Yamani or Rukn-e-Yemeni, is the corner of the Kaaba facing slightly southwest from the center of the Kaaba. [3] [88] Mustafa Abu Sway. "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source" (PDF). Central Conference of American Rabbis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011.

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Morris, Ian D. (2018). "Mecca and Macoraba" (PDF). Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā. 26: 1–60, pp. 42–43, n. 200. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2018 . Retrieved 16 November 2018. a b "IN PICTURES: Six doors of Ka'aba over 5,000 years". Al Arabiya. 26 December 2018 . Retrieved 22 October 2019. Armstrong, Karen (1996). Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths. A.A. Knopf. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-679-43596-9.

Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Rowman Altamira. p.245. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6. The Names of God". www.themitzvahproject.org. The Mitzvah Project. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021 . Retrieved 15 September 2021. This slant structure, covering three sides of the Kaaba, is known as the Shadherwaan ( Arabic: شاذروان) and was added in 1627 along with the Mīzāb ar-Raḥmah to protect the foundation from rainwater. Burton, Richard Francis (2009). Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139162302. hdl: 2027/coo.31924062544543. ISBN 978-1-139-16230-2. Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996). Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z. Amana Publications. ISBN 978-0-915957-54-5.

Peterson, Andrew (1996). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. London. p.142 . Retrieved 22 April 2023. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Robert E. Krebs (1999). Scientific Development and Misconceptions Through the Ages: A Reference Guide (illustrateded.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p.209. ISBN 978-0313302268. Grunebaum, G. E. von (1970). Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D.–1258 A.D. Aldine Publishing Company. p.24. ISBN 978-0-202-15016-1. Surah Al-Haj 22:26-30 - Towards Understanding the Quran". Tafheem. Islamic Foundation UK . Retrieved 1 June 2021.