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NetEase (in Chinese). October 28, 2006. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017 . Retrieved February 26, 2017. Liu was born in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei as An Feng ( 安风). [11] She is an only child. Her father is An Shaokang ( 安少康), a 1st Secretary in the Chinese Embassy in France and a French language university professor from Beijing, [8] and her mother is Liu Xiaoli ( 刘晓莉), a dancer and stage performer from Hubei. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old, and she was raised solely by her mother. That same year, she adopted her mother's surname and changed her name to "Liu Ximeizi" ( 刘茜美子). Her godfather is Chen Jinfei ( 陈金飞), the Chairman of Beijing Tongchan Investment Group. [12] [13] Total RNAs were extracted from stamen at the specified stages using an RNA kit (Omega). RNA-seq was performed by Biomarker Biotechnology Corporation (Beijing, China) according to Ru etal. ( 2017; see Methods S2). Pollen phenotypic analysis and electron microscopy observation

Figueroa CM, Lunn JE. 2016. A tale of two sugars: Trehalose 6-phosphate and sucrose. Plant Physiology 172: 7– 27. First, we generated an anti-SlMPK20 polyclonal antibody for examining roles of SlMPK20 in reproductive development. To assess the efficiency of this antibody, we expressed SlMPK20 cDNA ORF in E.coli strain Rosseta. Western blot analysis using antibody against SlMPK20 or His-tag detected the expressed SlMPK20 fusion protein at the size of c. 90kDa, comprised of 70.6kDa of SlMPK20 and 20.5kDa of His-tag and Trx-tag (Fig. S1b). The data indicate the reliability of the polyclonal antibody. Awards and nominations [ edit ] Competitive feature film festivals main competition unit [ edit ] Year A large number of genes are involved in various aspects of pollen development, especially in microsporogenesis. For example, transcription factor DYT1 and TDF1, regulates early tapetum function in pollen mother cells (Zhang etal., 2006; Feng etal., 2012) and tapetum differentiation during meiosis, respectively (Zhu etal., 2008). The DYT1-interacting proteins bHLH010, bHLH089 and bHLH091 are redundantly required for normal tapetum morphology and callose degeneration (Zhu etal., 2015; Cui etal., 2016), whereas regulatory cascade TIP2-TDR-EAT1 controls tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) in rice (Li etal., 2006; Niu etal., 2013; Fu etal., 2014). The transcriptional cascade DYT1-TDF1-AMS-bHLH89/91-MYB80 appears well conserved in Arabidopsis, rice and tomato (Phan etal., 2011; Jeong etal., 2014; Ferguson etal., 2017). Kong FL, Wang J, Cheng L, Liu SY, Wu J, Peng Z, Lu G. 2012. Genome-wide analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in Solanum lycopersicum. Gene 499: 108– 120.

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The TEY-containing MAPKs have been studied extensively in plants. Among them, group A and B MAPKs are involved in stress responses and other aspects of development (e.g. Rohila & Yang, 2007; Lee etal., 2011; Li etal., 2013). Several TEY MAPKs including AtMPK3/6 (Hord etal., 2008), AtMPK4 (Zeng etal., 2011) and SlMAPK7, an ortholog of AtMPK4 (Chen etal., 2016) have been reported to play roles in tapetum and early pollen development. By contrast, our understanding of the role of the plant-specific TDY MAPKs is still in its infancy with only one recent report showing a role of PrMPK9, a TDY MAPK, in pollen–pistil interaction (Chai etal., 2017). There is no direct evidence for the involvement of any plant-specific-TDY MAPKs in pollen development. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in modulating a variety of signal transduction pathways. The MAPK cascade consists of three consecutively kinases: MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). MAPKs often phosphorylate transcription factors to activate relevant signaling pathways that further regulate the expression of downstream genes (Group etal., 2002; Hao etal., 2015). Phylogenetically, MAPKs can be divided into four classes. Here, groups A, B and C all have the ‘TEY’ motif and exist in both animals and plants, whereas group D is specific to plants and contains a ‘TDY’ motif (Mohanta etal., 2015). Wan HJ, Wu LM, Yang YJ, Zhou GZ, Ruan YL. 2018. Evolution of sucrose metabolism: the dichotomy of invertases and beyond. Trends in Plant Science 23: 163– 177.

Sina (in Chinese). July 26, 2002. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011 . Retrieved July 24, 2018. Total RNA was extracted with cDNAs synthesized using thePrimeScript TM RT reagent kit (Takara, Kusatsu, Japan). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed using SYBR Premix Ex Taq kit (Takara) and sequence-specific primers (Supporting Information Table S1) with Ubi3 (GenBank accession no. X58253) as the reference gene (Kong etal., 2012). The relative expression levels of target genes were calculated using the 2 −ΔΔCt method with three biological replicates. The sample with the highest ΔCT was chosen as the calibrator (Livak & Schmittgen, 2001). Data were analyzed with Spss (v.22.0; IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The statistical analysis was performed using a Student's t-test with a two-tailed distribution. In situ hybridization and subcellular localization assaySina (in Chinese). April 29, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018 . Retrieved August 5, 2018. Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China". China-Embassy.org. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020 . Retrieved August 5, 2020. Article 3 The People's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national ... Article 9 Any Chinese national who has settled abroad and who has been naturalized as a foreign national or has acquired foreign nationality of his own free will shall automatically lose Chinese nationality. At the middle and late uninucleate stage (CR-4 vs WT-4), a number of genes responsible for both sucrose degradation and synthesis were significantly downregulated (Table 1). For the former, a cell wall invertase gene Lin7, which was specifically expressed in tomato stamen (Godt & Roitsch, 1997), exhibited a dramatic reduction in the transgenic anther, A similar trend was found for Lin9, encoding a vacuolar invertase (Table 1). Also significantly downregulated were two genes encoding sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key enzyme for sucrose synthesis, and two genes for hexose kinases and one for fructokinase, central to glycolysis and the TCA cycle for energy metabolism. We also observed downregulation of two genes for trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) and upregulation of a trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) gene. Several genes controlling cell integrity also exhibited down regulation in the transgenic anther including three pectinesterase and one polygalacturonase genes (Table 1).