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Korean resistance to the brutal Japanese occupation [145] [146] [147] was manifested in the nonviolent March 1st Movement of 1919, during which 7,000 demonstrators were killed by Japanese police and military. [148] The Korean liberation movement also spread to neighbouring Manchuria and Siberia. Kim, Jinwung (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. pp.44–45. ISBN 978-0253000248 . Retrieved 12 September 2016. The southern and southwestern coastlines of the peninsula form a well-developed ria coastline, known as Dadohae-jin in Korean. This convoluted coastline provides mild seas, and the resulting calm environment allows for safe navigation, fishing, and seaweed farming. In addition to the complex coastline, the western coast of the Korean Peninsula has an extremely high tidal amplitude (at Incheon, around the middle of the western coast, the tide can get as high as 9m). Vast tidal flats have been developing on the south and west coastlines. Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p.103. ISBN 978-0674615762. When Parhae perished at the hands of the Khitan around this same time, much of its ruling class, who were of Koguryŏ descent, fled to Koryŏ. Wang Kŏn warmly welcomed them and generously gave them land. Along with bestowing the name Wang Kye ("Successor of the Royal Wang") on the Parhae crown prince, Tae Kwang-hyŏn, Wang Kŏn entered his name in the royal household register, thus clearly conveying the idea that they belonged to the same lineage, and also had rituals performed in honor of his progenitor. Thus Koryŏ achieved a true national unification that embraced not only the Later Three Kingdoms but even survivors of Koguryŏ lineage from the Parhae kingdom. According to 2005 statistics compiled by the South Korean government, about 46% of citizens profess to follow no particular religion. Christians account for 29.2% of the population (of which are Protestants 18.3% and Catholics 10.9%) and Buddhists 22.8%. [210] In North Korea, around 71.3% claim to be non-religious or atheists, 12.9% follow Cheondoism and 12.3% Korean Folk Religion, while Christians count for 2% of the population, and Buddhists as 1.5%. [211]

Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (24 November 2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. p.187. ISBN 978-1400848058 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.

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The Proto–Three Kingdoms period, sometimes called the Multiple States Period, is the earlier part of what is commonly called the Three Kingdoms Period, following the fall of Gojoseon but before Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla fully developed into kingdoms. Because the mountainous region is mostly on the eastern part of the peninsula, the main rivers tend to flow westwards. Two exceptions are the southward-flowing Nakdong River and Seomjin River. Important rivers running westward include the Amnok River, the Chongchon River, the Taedong River, the Han River, the Geum River, and the Yeongsan River. These rivers have vast flood plains and provide an ideal environment for wet-rice cultivation. Park, Yi-Jin (2020). "Re-nationalizing Repatriated Japanese into Post-War Japan: From Imperial Subjects to Post-War Citizens". Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies. 20 (1): 113–138 – via Project MUSE.

Hatada, Takashi (1969). A History of Korea. Santa Barbara, California: American Bibliographic Center-Clio Press. p.140.

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The Russians were pushed out of the fight for Korea following the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Korea became a protectorate of Japan shortly afterwards. In Manchuria on 26 October 1909, An Jung-geun assassinated the former Resident-General of Korea, Itō Hirobumi, for his role in trying to force Korea into occupation. See also: Geography of North Korea, Geography of South Korea, and Provinces of Korea Satellite image of Korea A view of Mount Seorak Daedongyeojido – this 1861 map of Korea represents the peak of pre-modern mapmaking in the region. Jeju Island seashore century Tang dynasty painting of envoys from the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla McIntire, Suzanne; Burns, William E. (25 June 2010). Speeches in World History. Infobase Publishing. p.87. ISBN 978-1438126807 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.

Other popular dishes include bibimbap, which literally means "mixed rice" (rice mixed with meat, vegetables, and red pepper paste), and naengmyeon (cold noodles). [216] [217] After defeating the Khitan Empire, which was the most powerful empire of its time, [112] [113] Goryeo experienced a golden age that lasted a century, during which the Tripitaka Koreana was completed, and there were great developments in printing and publishing, promoting learning and dispersing knowledge on philosophy, literature, religion, and science; by 1100, there were 12 universities that produced famous scholars and scientists. [114] [115] Kang, David C. (2012). East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute. Columbia University Press. pp.93–94. ISBN 9780231153195 . Retrieved 27 July 2016. Korea has a temperate climate with comparatively fewer typhoons than other countries in East Asia. Due to the peninsula's position, it has a unique climate influenced by Siberia in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the rest of Eurasia in the west. The peninsula has four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. [178] SpringLee, Kenneth B. (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.61. ISBN 9780275958237 . Retrieved 28 July 2016. And where are Gretsch guitars made? Although some of their guitars are made in the United States, most of their guitars are manufactured overseas. Fender Musical Instruments Corp. handles the manufacturing and distribution of Gretsch Guitars. Several factories produce these guitars in countries including Japan, China, Indonesia, and Korea. Murder of Empress Myeongseong", Japan rape, Kim soft, 2002, archived from the original on 9 October 2004 Poceski, Mario (13 April 2007). Ordinary Mind as the Way: The Hongzhou School and the Growth of Chan Buddhism. Oxford University Press. p.24. ISBN 978-0198043201 . Retrieved 29 July 2016.

Goryeo was founded in 918 and replaced Silla as the ruling dynasty of Korea. Goryeo's land was at first what is now South Korea and about 1/3 of North Korea, but later on managed to recover most of the Korean peninsula. Momentarily, Goryeo advanced to parts of Jiandao while conquering the Jurchens, but returned the territories due to the harsh climate and difficulties in defending them. The name "Goryeo" (高麗) is a short form of " Goguryeo" (高句麗) and was first used during the time of King Jangsu. Goryeo regarded itself as the successor of Goguryeo, hence its name and efforts to recover the former territories of Goguryeo. [106] [107] [108] [109] Wang Geon, the founder of Goryeo, was of Goguryeo descent and traced his ancestry to a noble Goguryeo clan. [110] He made Kaesong, his hometown, the capital. a b c Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.72. ISBN 9780275958237 . Retrieved 28 July 2016.Kim, Djun Kil (30 May 2014). The History of Korea, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p.49. ISBN 9781610695824 . Retrieved 17 July 2016. This section may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources where they are used inappropriately. ( November 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi (15 December 2014). Korean History in Maps. Cambridge University Press. p.29. ISBN 9781107098466 . Retrieved 17 July 2016.