3M 2097 P100 Particulate Filter with Organic Vapor Relief, 1 Pair

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Not fluid-resistant, 98% droplet filtration, intended for use by healthcare workers in droplet-free environments by an enhancing mechanism called diffusion, where gas molecules collide with the smallest particles, especially those below 100nm in diameter, which are thereby impeded and delayed in their path through the filter; this effect is similar to Brownian motion and increases the probability that particles will be stopped by either of the two mechanisms above; it becomes dominant at lower air flow velocities [3] To Beard or not to Beard? That's a good Question!". NIOSH Science Blog. CDC. 2 November 2017 . Retrieved 27 February 2020. Understanding Respiratory Protection Against SARS". U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 9 April 2020 . Retrieved 26 May 2020.

NIOSH has currently established nine classifications of approved particulate filtering respirators based on a combination of the respirator series and efficiency level. The first part of the filter's classification indicates the series using the letters N, R, or P to indicate the filter's resistance to filtration efficiency degradation when exposed to oil-based or oil-like aerosols (e.g., lubricants, cutting fluids, glycerine, etc.). [1] [3] [4] Definitions and intended use for each series is indicated below. [5] High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)filters are all filters meeting certain efficiency standards. A HEPA filter must remove at least 99.97% (US) or 99.95% (EU) of all airborne particulates with aerodynamic diameter of 0.3μm. Particles both smaller and larger are easier to catch, and thus removed with a higher efficiency. [6] [7] [8] People often assume that particles smaller than 0.3 microns would be more difficult to filter efficiently; however, the physics of Brownian motion at such smaller sizes boosts filter efficiency (see figure). [2] Cross-section of NIOSH-approved P95 filters used in metalworking operations. Even "clean" industrial processes often generate large amounts of harmful particulate matter and require breathing protection. Materials [ edit ]

Since filters are tested against the most penetrating particle size of 0.3 μm, an APR with a P100 classification would be at least 99.97% efficient at removing particles of this size. [4] Particles with a size both less than and greater than 0.3 μm are filtered at an efficiency greater than 99.97%. [9] (That statement does not derive from given reference [10]). Although it is counter-intuitive that particle sizes of less than 0.3 μm are filtered with a greater efficiency, the forces which have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of filtration ( aerosol impaction, interception, and diffusion) are weakest at this size for filters tested by NIOSH. [11] A filter's collection efficiency for particle sizes other than those for which it is least efficient is indicated by the filter's efficiency curve. where C 1, C 2 ... and Cn are the concentrations of harmful substances number 1, 2 ... n; and PEL is the maximum allowable concentration for corresponding harmful substances in the breathing zone. Recommended Guidance for Extended Use and Limited Reuse of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators in Healthcare Settings". cdc.gov. NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic. CDC. 27 March 2020. Apart from time, other methods of disinfection have been tested. Physical damage to the masks has been observed when microwaving them, microwaving them in a steam bag, letting them sit in moist heat, and hitting them with excessively high doses of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). Chlorine-based methods, such as chlorine bleach, may cause residual smell, offgassing of chlorine when the mask becomes moist, and in one study, physical breakdown of the nosepads, causing increased leakage. [13] Fit and comfort do not seem to be harmed by UVGI, moist heat incubation, and microwave-generated steam. [13]

The Ukrainian version of the EU standard EN 529 does not set any values of the APFs for the selection of respirator in this country. [30] This document only listed the values of APFs in several European countries (for reference); and declares the inadmissibility of the use of laboratory efficiency for predicting the protective properties at the workplace.Defining PAPRs and Current Standards". The Use and Effectiveness of Powered Air Purifying Respirators in Health Care: Workshop Summary. 2. Defining PAPRs and Current Standards. National Academies Press (US). 7 May 2015. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) Enforcement Guidance for Use of Respiratory Protection Equipment Certified under Standards of Other Countries or Jurisdictions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic". Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Japuntich, Daniel A.; Franklin, Luke M.; Pui, David Y.; Kuehn, Thomas H.; Kim, Seong Chan; Viner, Andrew S. (2006-11-10). "A comparison of two nano-sized particle air filtration tests in the diameter range of 10 to 400 nanometers". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 9: 93–107. doi: 10.1007/s11051-006-9179-1. S2CID 136771817. Dupraz, Carol (1983). "The Forum". American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 44 (3): B24–B25. ISSN 1542-8117.

Considering only particulates carried on an air stream and a fiber mesh filter, diffusion predominates below the 0.1μm diameter particle size. Impaction and interception predominate above 0.4μm. In between, near the most penetrating particle size of 0.3μm, diffusion and interception predominate. [3]Full facepieces must be quantitatively fit tested to claim assigned protection factor above 10 in negative pressure mode The 3M™ Particulate Filter 2097, P100, with Nuisance Level Organic Vapor Relief helps provide respiratory protection against exposure to lead, asbestos, cadmium, arsenic, and MDA. The filter is effective for concentrations up to 10 times the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) with half facepieces, or 50 times PEL with quantitatively fit tested full facepieces. This filter helps protect against a wide range of oil and non-oil based particulate contaminants. The filter also offers nuisance level odor relief from organic vapors that are below the PEL. Nuisance level refers to concentrations not exceeding OSHA PEL or other applicable government exposure limits, whichever is lower. Do not use for respiratory protection against organic vapors or in environments that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). The 2097 is commonly used for welding, brazing, torch cutting, metal pouring and soldering. Inventory needs and training requirements of safety equipment are reduced because this filter works for many different applications. This filter is commonly used in the following industries: agriculture, construction, general manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, primary metals. Mass production of filtering facepieces started in 1956. The air was purified with nonwoven filtering material consisting of polymeric fibers carrying a strong electrostatic charge. Respirator was used in nuclear industry, and then in other branches of economy. For ~60 years, more than 6 billion respirators were manufactured. [24] Unfortunately, the developers overestimated the efficiency ( APF 200-1000 compared to the modern value of 10–20), which led to serious errors in the choice of personal protective equipment by employers. Clayton, Mike (2014). Validation of ISO Protection Levels: Initial Steps. (presentation on 17-th ISRP Biennial Conference). Prague. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) The Health and Safety Executive (2013). Respiratory protective equipment at work. A practical guide. HSG53 (4ed.). Crown. p.59. ISBN 978-0-71766-454-2 . Retrieved 10 June 2018.

Mills, Stu (10 April 2020). "Researchers looking at innovative ways to sterilize single-use masks". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Guy, Harry (1985). "Respirator Performance Terminology)". American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 46 (5): В22, B24. ISSN 1542-8117. Myers W.R., Z. Zhuang, T. Nelson (1996). AIHA & ACGIH (ed.). "Field Performance Measurements of Half-Facepiece Respirators—Foundry Operations". American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal (American Industrial Hygiene Association Journaled.). 57 (2): 166–174. doi: 10.1080/15428119691015106. PMID 8615325. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Therefore, the values of the assigned PF in the US and in the UK are evidence-based; and they are very similar to each other. If you've got flying particles of dangerous substances - fiberglass dust, sanded or chipped lead paint, asbestos, that kind of nasty stuff, a simpleGas, Vapour and Particulate Filters have a bayonet-style connection that fits any full-face 3M™ Reusable Masks, and they’re designed to optimise your field of vision. Our filters offer lightweight and well-balanced breathing protection for hazardous environments. a b c d e f European Committee for Standardization (2005). "6 Verfahren zur Gefährdungsbeurteilung". In Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 79 "Respiratory protective devices" (ed.). DIN EN 529:2006 "Atemschutzgeräte - Empfehlungen für Auswahl, Einsatz, Pflege und Instandhaltung - Leitfaden" (in German) (Deutsche Fassung EN 529:2005ed.). Brüssel, rue de Stassart, 36: Deutsche Gremium ist NA 027-02-04 AA «Atemgeräte für Arbeit und Rettung» im Normenausschuss Feinmechanik und Optik (NAFuO). p.50. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location ( link) CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list ( link) Chinese KN95 (GB2626-2006): similar to US. Has category KN (non-oily particles) and KP (oily particles), 90/95/100 versions. EU-style leakage requirements. [57] [58] In China, KN95 respirators are made by companies such as Guangzhou Harley, [59] Guangzhou Powecom, [60] Shanghai Dasheng [61] and FLTR. [62] Sinkule E, Turner N, Hota S (2003). "Automated breathing and metabolic simulator (ABMS) CO2 test for powered and non-powered air-purifying respirators, airline respirators, and gas mask.". American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exposition. American Industrial Hygiene Association. doi: 10.3320/1.2757905. Efficiency = ( (concentration outside the mask) - (the concentration of harmful substances under mask) ) / (concentration outside the mask) = 1 - Penetration;