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Raqqa has never been home to a sizeable Shi'i community. [16] However, since the Iran–Iraq War made the important Shi'i holy cities of Najaf and Karbala inaccessible to Iranian visitors, Raqqa has gained importance as a Shi'i pilgrimage destination (accessible via Turkey). [16] The main attractions are the tombs of Ammar ibn Yasir and Uways al-Qarani, two companions of Muhammad who died during the Battle of Siffin. [16] Beginning in 1988 and completed in 2005, an Iranian project oversaw the construction of two new mosques to replace the tombs, making them the largest Shi'i mausoleums in Syria. [16] The Uways mosque was blown up by the Islamic State in May 2014 for being what they called a "pagan Iranian shrine". [79]

a b "About 55% of the city of al-Raqqa is under the control of the Syria Democratic Forces as the Grand Battle of al-Raqqa completes its second month". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 August 2017 . Retrieved 7 August 2017.

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On 12 June, the SDF began the process of capturing al-Sinaa and al-Hattin neighborhoods, along with the al-Sinaa industrial zone. [82] The SDF captured Sahil village southwest of Raqqa after clashes between the SDF and ISIL broke out and lasted until the next morning. [83] SDF advance towards al-Raqqa center". Hawar News Agency. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-06 . Retrieved 4 July 2017. The Mysterious Fall of Raqqa, Syria's Kandahar". Al-Akhbar. 8 November 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017 . Retrieved 14 November 2013. Clashes intensify in al-Raqqa, fighters advance". Hawar News Agency. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-28 . Retrieved 29 September 2017.

The 3rd street starts further south, from the unnamed Gate #2 on the east side of al-Rafiqah. [11] It crosses the 2nd street and probably converged with the 1st street at the northwestern corner of Raqqa/Kallinikos, where there was likely a gate. [11] Hilarion Silani, Sylvestrines (O.S.B. Silv.) (1863.09.22 – 1879.03.27) while Bishop of Colombo ( Sri Lanka) (1863.09.17 – 1879.03.27) Some of the Kurdish families were displaced to the northern countryside of Raqqa by the Arab 'Annazah tribe, after they began working with the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. [20]Another defense line of IS broken". Hawar News Agency. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02 . Retrieved 2017-06-30. Raqqa Museum ( متحف الرقة). Damaged during the civil war, the museum has now been renovated and is once again open to the public. However, of the more then 5,000 artifacts that was housed before the war, only about 1,300 remains. ( updated Dec 2019) The name "Raqqa" was used both for the entire urban sprawl, or more specifically for the old city of Raqqa aka Kallinikos. [11] The old city was also known by the name al-Raqqah al-Bayḍā'. [12] It had "almost rectangular" walls, although their entire extent is not known. [11] Where the gates were located is also unknown. [11] This area had a predominantly indigenous population. [11] Al-Rafiqah [ edit ] On 14 June, the SDF entered the al-Berid neighborhood in the western part of Raqqa, following intense fighting in which an ISIL suicide bomber was killed. [84] a b Amberin Zaman (26 September 2017). "Syrian Kurdish commander: We're 'ready to engage' with Damascus". Al-Monitor . Retrieved 28 September 2017.