Tomato: 80 Recipes Celebrating the Extraordinary Tomato

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The country's only single vine "tomato tree" growing in The Land pavilion at Epcot. Walt Disney World News Young, Matt (19 December 2017). "What's the difference between tomato sauce and ketchup?". News.com.au . Retrieved 2 April 2018. Ploeg, Antoon (2000). "Effects of amending soil with Tagetes patula cv. Single Gold on Meloidogyne incognita infestation of tomato". Nematology. 2 (5): 489–93. doi: 10.1163/156854100509394. SILVERTOWN, J. (2017). Vegetables—Variety. DINNER WITH DARWIN: Food, drink, and evolution. S.l.: UNIV OF CHICAGO PRESS.(p. 145)

Chaerani, Reni; Voorrips, Roeland E. (2006). "Tomato early blight ( Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance". Journal of General Plant Pathology. 72 (6): 335–347. doi: 10.1007/s10327-006-0299-3. S2CID 36002406.

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Tomatoes are easy to preserve whole, in pieces, as tomato sauce or paste by home canning. They are acidic enough to process in a water bath rather than a pressure cooker as most vegetables require. The fruit is also preserved by drying, often in the sun, and sold either in bags or in jars with oil. Several US states have adopted the tomato as a state fruit or vegetable (see above). Tomatoes have been designated the state vegetable of New Jersey. Arkansas took both sides by declaring the South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink Tomato both the state fruit and the state vegetable in the same law, citing both its culinary and botanical classifications. In 2009, the state of Ohio passed a law making the tomato the state's official fruit. Tomato juice has been the official beverage of Ohio since 1965. Alexander W. Livingston, of Reynoldsburg, Ohio, played a large part in popularizing the tomato in the late 19th century; his efforts are commemorated in Reynoldsburg with an annual Tomato Festival. Tomatoes are a significant source of umami flavor. [6] They are consumed in diverse ways: raw or cooked, and in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. While tomatoes are fruits— botanically classified as berries—they are commonly used culinarily as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. [3]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of tomato diseases. Tomato fruitworm feeding on unripe tomato Tomato bug feeding on tomato plant sap A split heirloom tomato, caused by fluctuation in water availability Buendia, Luis; Wang, Tongming; Girardin, Ariane; Lefebvre, Benoit (April 2016). "The LysM receptor‐like kinase Sl LYK 10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato". New Phytologist. 210 (1): 184–195. doi: 10.1111/nph.13753. PMID 26612325. A massive "tomato tree" growing inside the Walt Disney World Resort's experimental greenhouses in Lake Buena Vista, Florida may have been the largest single tomato plant in the world. The plant has been recognized as a Guinness World Record Holder, with a harvest of more than 32,000 tomatoes and a total weight of 522kg (1,151lb). [93] It yielded thousands of tomatoes at one time from a single vine. Yong Huang, Epcot's manager of agricultural science, discovered the unique plant in Beijing, China. Huang brought its seeds to Epcot and created the specialized greenhouse for the fruit to grow. The vine grew golf ball-sized tomatoes, which were served at Walt Disney World restaurants. [94] The tree developed a disease and was removed in April 2010 after about 13 months of life. [ original research] The word tomato comes from the Spanish tomate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word tomatl [ˈtomat͡ɬ] pronunciation ⓘ, meaning 'swelling fruit'; [4] also 'fat water' or 'fat thing'. [40] The native Mexican tomatillo is tomate. When Aztecs started to cultivate the fruit to be larger, sweeter and red, they called the new variety xitomatl (or jitomates) ( pronounced [ʃiːˈtomatɬ]), [2] ('plump with navel' or 'fat water with navel'). The specific name lycopersicum (from the 1753 book Species Plantarum) is of Greek origin ( λύκοπερσικων, lykopersikon), meaning 'wolf peach'. [ citation needed] Bangladeshi tomato PronunciationA common tomato disease is tobacco mosaic virus. Handling cigarettes and other infected tobacco products can transmit the virus to tomato plants. [68] Bacterial wilt is another common disease impacting yield. [69] Wang et al., 2019 found phage combination therapies to reduce the impact of bacterial wilt, sometimes by reducing bacterial abundance and sometimes by selecting for resistant but slow growing genetics. [69] Pests Based on a Sardinian dish, mazzamurru, this is a wonderful way to turn some stale bread and a couple of tins of tomatoes into a warming supper. Use different cheeses if you don't have mozzarella or parmesan to hand – good cheddar, something oozy like taleggio or camembert, or even a goat's cheese are all worth a go. Serves four. Genetic evidence has now shown that Linnaeus was correct to put the tomato in the genus Solanum, making Solanum lycopersicum the correct name. [1] [52] Both names, however, will probably be found in the literature for some time. Two of the major reasons for considering the genera separate are the leaf structure (tomato leaves are markedly different from any other Solanum), and the biochemistry (many of the alkaloids common to other Solanum species are conspicuously absent from the tomato). On the other hand, hybrids of tomato and diploid potato can be created in the lab by somatic fusion, and are partially fertile, [53] providing evidence of the close relationship between these species.

The misconception that the tomato has been central to Italian cuisine since its introduction from the Americas is often repeated. Though the tomato was introduced from the Spanish New World to European botanists in the 16th century, tomato sauce made a relatively late entry in Italian cuisine: in Antonio Latini's cookbook Lo scalco alla moderna (Naples, 1692). [6] Latini was chef to the Spanish viceroy of Naples, and one of his tomato recipes is for sauce, "in the Spanish style" ( Italian: alla spagnuola). The first known use of tomato sauce with pasta appears in the Italian cookbook L'Apicio moderno, by Roman chef Francesco Leonardi, edited in 1790. [4] Burton-Freeman B, Sesso HD (2014). "Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors". Adv Nutr. 5 (5): 457–85. doi: 10.3945/an.114.005231. PMC 4188219. PMID 25469376. Even though they're cooked, I always simmer canned tomatoes further – as little as 10 minutes, but up to 30 or 40 – in a wide pan. This intensifies the sweetness and flavour. Beyond the crucial salt and pepper, I'll add garlic, olive oil and a couple of bay leaves or sprigs of thyme, if they're to hand. And I often finish with a pinch of sugar, to round out the tomatoes' acidity. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) For propagation, the seeds need to come from a mature fruit, and must be lightly fermented to remove the gelatinous outer coating and then dried before use. [49] ClassificationSome Indian curries have a tomato-based sauce, notably many vegetarian style dishes. [13] See also [ edit ] This dish is more than just a simple broth – it is a wonderfully hearty meal and offers a great way of using up vegetables. There are no rules – it should contain whatever you find lying around the house and in your fridge.

simple, tried-and-tested, healthy and delicious recipes,made with fresh, wholesome ingredients, and each with detailed nutrition information Acquaah, G. (2002). Horticulture: Principles and Practices. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-033125-0. Tomato cultivars vary widely in their resistance to disease. Modern hybrids focus on improving disease resistance over the heirloom plants. Unique varieties were developed over the next several hundred years for uses such as dried tomatoes, sauce tomatoes, pizza tomatoes, and tomatoes for long-term storage. These varieties are usually known for their place of origin as much as by a variety name. For example, Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio is the "hanging tomato of Vesuvius", or the well known and highly-prized San Marzano plum tomato grown in that region. [ This paragraph needs citation(s)] Britain Tomatoes for sale in a UK supermarket

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Peralta, I. E.; Spooner, D. M. (2001). "Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) gene phylogeny of wild tomatoes ( Solanum L. section Lycopersicon (Mill.) Wettst. subsection Lycopersicon)". American Journal of Botany. 88 (10): 1888–1902. doi: 10.2307/3558365. JSTOR 3558365. PMID 21669622. A selection of North American tomato related outbreaks from 1990–2005". Food Safety Network. 30 October 2006. Archived from the original on 26 January 2008 . Retrieved 20 July 2010.