8 Minutes: (8 Mins)

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Definition: A second is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined based on cesium frequency, Δ νC, "by taking the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium-133 atom to be 9,192,632,770 when expressed in hertz, which is equal to s -1." This definition was adopted in late 2018, and is largely the same as the previous definition, except that the conditions are more rigorously defined. Current use: The minute, as a multiple of the second, is used for all manner of measurements of duration, from timing races, measuring cooking or baking times, number of heart beats per minute, to any number of other applications. Second The ability to measure time precisely is one of the greatest human inventions! Precise time measurement as well as addition and subtraction of time intervals are crucial to a variety of economic activities around the world and the importance of precise time-keeping cannot be underestimated. History/origin: Unlike many units that have had numerous definitions throughout history, the second has only had four different definitions.

The second was historically defined as 1/86400 of a day in 1832, which was based on the definition of a day as the approximate amount of time required for the Earth to complete a full rotation cycle relative to the sun. Aerobic and anaerobic exercise are often mentioned in the context of endurance training and running. These types of exercise mainly differ based on the duration and the intensity of muscular contractions and the manner in which energy is generated within the muscle. Generally, anaerobic exercises (~80-90% MHR) involve short, intense bursts of activity while aerobic exercises (~70-80% MHR) involve light activity sustained over a long period of time. An exercise intensity level of 55-85% of MHR for 20-30 minutes is generally recommended to attain the best results from aerobic exercise. The second is the SI (The International System of Units) base unit. It can be written as sec or s. From it all other units are derived. History of time keeping and time calculation Maximum heart rate (MHR) is most accurately measured using a cardiac stress test, which involves measuring a person's heart function (including heart rate) at periodically increasing levels of exercise. These tests typically range from ten to twenty minutes in duration, which can be inconvenient. As such, there are many estimates for MHR based on age, which is strongly correlated with heart rate, though there is little consensus regarding which formula should be used. The most commonly cited formula for calculating MHR is: The following calculator can be used to estimate a person's finish time based on the time and distance covered in a race at the point the calculator is used. Current Distance TraveledUnderstanding aerobic exercise is particularly important when training for a long-distance activity such as a marathon. Determining a pace that can be maintained while using energy primarily derived through aerobic means, referred to as an "aerobic threshold pace," helps maintain a balance between fat and carbohydrate utilization. This pace requires a relatively low level of intensity, and is usually maintainable for a few hours. Increasing aerobic threshold pace allows for a faster sustainable pace and is a large aspect of many marathon training programs. While many different calendar systems were developed by various civilizations over long periods of time, the calendar most commonly used worldwide is the Gregorian calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and is largely based on the Julian calendar, a Roman solar calendar proposed by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. The Julian calendar was inaccurate and allowed the astronomical equinoxes and solstices to advance against it by approximately 11 minutes per year. The Gregorian calendar significantly improved upon this discrepancy. Refer to the date calculator for further details on the history of the Gregorian calendar. Early timekeeping devices: Hipparchus also developed a system of longitude lines encompassing 360 degrees, which was later subdivided into 360 degrees of latitude and longitude by Claudius Ptolemy. Each degree was divided into 60 parts, each of which was again divided into 60 smaller parts that became known as the minute and second respectively. s, r = s = d/t. You can use the equivalent formula d = rt which means distance equals rate times time.

History/origin: The term "minute" is derived from the Latin "pars minuta prima" which means the "first small part." The minute was originally defined as 1/60 of an hour (60 seconds), based on the average period of Earth's rotation relative to the sun, known as a mean solar day.To solve for time use the formula for time, t = d/s which means time equals distance divided by speed. Like other numbers, time can be added or subtracted. However, due to how time is defined, there exist differences in how calculations must be computed when compared to decimal numbers. The following table shows some common units of time. Unit

Rate and speed are similar since they both represent some distance per unit time like miles per hour or kilometers per hour. If rate One of the most common applications of a time calculator is to determine what time will be a given number of hours into the future. Questions like "What time will it be in 20 minutes?" or "What time will it be in 20 hours?" can easily be answered by time algebra. Applications dependent upon it include communication systems where networks need to be synchronised precisely, power grids, and finances, where timestamps accompany each transaction you make, and GPS - the Global Positioning System satellite navigation systems, which rely on time stamped signals to provide us with a precise location of a GPS receiver. By measuring the signal from four (or more) satellites, the user's position can be determined. The time measurement in GPS has to be incredibly accurate since light travels 30 centimetres in one nanosecond so even a tiny error in the time measurement could put you off course by many meters or even miles. In 1967, the second was defined exactly as "9,192,631,770 times the period of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom." This definition has since been updated as of late 2018 to be more rigorously defined, but otherwise, is effectively the same. This new rigor does not affect how the second is used in everyday life.

The calculator can add and subtract time segments or multiply and divide time by a number or decimal. Answers include equivalent time in total days, hours, minutes or seconds. How to Calculate Time Note that placeholder zeros do not need to be entered in the "Time" or "Pace" field. For example, the time 5 minutes 3 seconds does not need to be entered as 00:05:03, and can be entered as 5:3. Similarly to heart rate, the most accurate way to determine these thresholds is through testing within a lab setting. However, both aerobic and anaerobic thresholds can also be estimated using a number of different methods, some of which involve the use of a heart rate monitor. According to a 2005 study, the most accurate way to determine anaerobic threshold (outside of blood work in a lab) is a 30-minute time trial in which heart rate is monitored. In this time trial, a person must run at maximum effort, averaging their heart rate over the last 20 minutes of the run. The average heart rate over the last 20 minutes is an estimation of the person's anaerobic threshold heart rate, also known as lactate threshold heart rate (LTHR). It is important that the time trial be performed alone. If it is done in a group setting, the duration must be increased to 60 minutes rather than 30 minutes. Aerobic threshold heart rate can be estimated by subtracting 30 beats per minute from the anaerobic threshold heart rate. Current use: As the SI base unit of time, the second and its multiples are ubiquitous. There are few, if any, modern applications in which time is measured in a form other than the second and its multiples.