How Many Legs?

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Caterpillars don’t have teeth: These insects have mandibles that are tooth-like. They chew from both side-to-side instead of up and down like people and other animals. Leg cramps: Muscle cramps and muscle spasms in the calves are very common. Leg cramps can result from pregnancy, dehydration and certain medications and health conditions. They can happen at night or during the day. People over 60 are more likely to get leg cramps, especially at night. Cursorial is basically an elaborate term for running, so those are the sorts of legs you spot on rapidly moving insects like roaches and tiger beetles. Cursorial legs tend to be lengthy and slim and thus are designed so that the insect can walk very fast. If a butterfly didn’t have legs, it couldn’t land safely. Furthermore, these insects would have to figure out a way to hang in the air while they drink nectar from flowers or juice from rotten fruit. That would use up too much of this insect’s precious energy.

In classical Greece, Aristotle (384–322 BC) commented on the colour-changing abilities of the octopus, both for camouflage and for signalling, in his Historia animalium: "The octopus... seeks its prey by so changing its colour as to render it like the colour of the stones adjacent to it; it does so also when alarmed." [165] Aristotle noted that the octopus had a hectocotyl arm and suggested it might be used in sexual reproduction. This claim was widely disbelieved until the 19th century. It was described in 1829 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier, who supposed it to be a parasitic worm, naming it as a new species, Hectocotylus octopodis. [166] [167] Other zoologists thought it a spermatophore; the German zoologist Heinrich Müller believed it was "designed" to detach during copulation. In 1856 the Danish zoologist Japetus Steenstrup demonstrated that it is used to transfer sperm, and only rarely detaches. [168] Flexible biomimetic 'Octopus' robotics arm. The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 2011 [169] Simon, Matt (16 January 2015). "Absurd Creature of the Week: The Beautiful Octopus Whose Sex Is All About Dismemberment". Wired: Science . Retrieved 20 May 2017. Centipedes are named and known for their large number of legs. The word “centipede” originates from the New Latin prefix of “centi” meaning hundred, and the Latin word “pedis”, or “pes”, which means foot. So how many legs does a centipede have?RICE method: You may be able to treat minor muscle strains and tears with rest. Ask your provider about the RICE method (rest, ice, compression and elevation). Apply ice or a cold compress within intervals of 20 minutes. Always protect your skin to avoid skin burns. Most insects have a pair of antennae located on their head. These animals use their antennae to sense touch and scent around them. Adult insects and insects which are immature have three pairs of legs that are connected to the thorax, which is the center segment of the body. If you have severe or sudden calf pain that doesn’t improve after a day or two of rest, call your provider. Calf pain and other symptoms of a muscle strain may actually be signs of a serious medical condition, such as a blood clot, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), nerve damage or Achilles tendonitis. Anterior muscles: These muscles help you lift and lower your foot and extend your toes. They are in the front (anterior) part of the lower leg.

Castellanos-Martínez, Sheila; Gestal, Camino (2013). "Pathogens and immune response of cephalopods". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 447: 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.007.Octopuses can create distracting patterns with waves of dark coloration across the body, a display known as the "passing cloud". Muscles in the skin change the texture of the mantle to achieve greater camouflage. In some species, the mantle can take on the spiky appearance of algae; in others, skin anatomy is limited to relatively uniform shades of one colour with limited skin texture. Octopuses that are diurnal and live in shallow water have evolved more complex skin than their nocturnal and deep-sea counterparts. [107] Prolegs are the stubby features on the underside of a caterpillar’s body. They are different from this insect’s six true legs. While its true legs help it to walk, a caterpillar’s prolegs are responsible for helping it grab onto stems and leaves so it won’t fall. In some species of caterpillar, their prolegs perform like tiny suction cups on a branch or stem. A caterpillar’s prolegs disappear before it becomes an adult butterfly. Like other cephalopods, octopuses have camera-like eyes, [48] and can distinguish the polarisation of light. Colour vision appears to vary from species to species, for example being present in O. aegina but absent in O. vulgaris. [57] Opsins in the skin respond to different wavelengths of light and help the animals choose a coloration that camouflages them; the chromatophores in the skin can respond to light independently of the eyes. [58] [59] Wodinsky, Jerome (1977). "Hormonal Inhibition of Feeding and Death in Octopus: Control by Optic Gland Secretion". Science. 198 (4320): 948–951. Bibcode: 1977Sci...198..948W. doi: 10.1126/science.198.4320.948. PMID 17787564. S2CID 22649186.