2061: Odyssey Three

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Yeomans, Donald Keith (1991). Comets: A Chronological History of Observation, Science, Myth, and Folklore. Wiley and Sons. p. 4. ISBN 0-471-61011-9. May be the comet described in Josephus's The Jewish War as "A comet of the kind called Xiphias, because their tails appear to represent the blade of a sword" that supposedly heralded the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. [66] In the end, Heywood Floyd joins David Bowman and Hal (from 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY) on a strange mission in which Clarke’s imaginative time machine moves farther into the future, to 3001, to an ominous event that undoubtedly means another sequel. In 1989, Boris Chirikov and Vitold Vecheslavov performed an analysis of 46 apparitions of Halley's Comet taken from historical records and computer simulations. These studies showed that its dynamics were chaotic and unpredictable on long timescales. [48] Halley's projected lifetime could be as long as 10million years. These studies also showed that many physical properties of Halley's Comet dynamics can be approximately described by a simple symplectic map, known as the Kepler map. [49] More recent work suggests that Halley will evaporate, or split in two, within the next few tens of thousands of years, or will be ejected from the Solar System within a few hundred thousand years. [50] [43] Observations by D. W. Hughes suggest that Halley's nucleus has been reduced in mass by 80 to 90% over the last 2,000 to 3,000 revolutions. [18] Structure and composition [ edit ] The nucleus of Halley's Comet, imaged by the Giotto probe in 1986. The dark coloration of the nucleus can be observed, as well as the jets of dust and gas erupting from its surface.

a b c d Jewitt, David C. (2002). "From Kuiper Belt Object to Cometary Nucleus: The Missing Ultrared Matter". The Astronomical Journal. 123 (2): 1039–1049. Bibcode: 2002AJ....123.1039J. doi: 10.1086/338692. S2CID 122240711. The apparition of 87BC was recorded in Babylonian tablets which state that the comet was seen "day beyond day" for a month. [62] This appearance may be recalled in the representation of Tigranes the Great, an Armenian king who is depicted on coins with a crown that features, according to Vahe Gurzadyan and R. Vardanyan, "a star with a curved tail [that] may represent the passage of Halley's Comet in 87BC." Gurzadyan and Vardanyan argue that "Tigranes could have seen Halley's Comet when it passed closest to the Sun on August 6 in 87BC" as the comet would have been a "most recordable event"; for ancient Armenians it could have heralded the New Era of the brilliant King of Kings. [63] Villeneuve cited 2001 as his favorite movie of all time and his directorial style shows that he was clearly influenced by it throughout his career. His slow-burn building the tension style, high concept thriller, the vague storytelling leaving the audience freely interpret the film make him the perfect candidate.

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After witnessing a bright light in the sky which most historians have identified as Halley's Comet, Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia from 1434 to 1468, founded the city of Debre Berhan (tr. City of Light) and made it his capital for the remainder of his reign. [87] 1531 [ edit ]

The 1145 apparition was recorded by the monk Eadwine. The 1986 apparition exhibited a fan tail similar to Eadwine's drawing. [74] Some claim that Genghis Khan was inspired to turn his conquests toward Europe by the 1222 apparition. [81] The 1301 apparition may have been seen by the artist Giotto di Bondone, who represented the Star of Bethlehem as a fire-colored comet in the Nativity section of his Arena Chapel cycle, completed in 1305. [74] Its 1378 appearance is recorded in the Annales Mediolanenses [82] as well as in East Asian sources. [83] 1456 [ edit ] a b c d e f "Horizons Batch for 1P/Halley (90000030) on 2061-Jul-28" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive @ 2061-Jul-28 17:20 UT). JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022 . Retrieved 28 June 2022. (JPL#73 Soln.date: 2022-Jun-07) Isaacs, John D.; Vine, Allyn C.; Bradner, Hugh; Bachus, George E. (11 February 1966). "Satellite Elongation into a True 'Sky-Hook' ". Science. 151 (3711): 682–683. Bibcode: 1966Sci...151..682I. doi: 10.1126/science.151.3711.682. PMID 17813792. S2CID 32226322. It's also thought that another appearance of the comet in 1301 could have inspired Italian painter Giotto's rendering of the Star of Bethlehem in "The Adoration of the Magi," according to the Britannica encyclopedia. Halley is classified as a periodic or short-period comet; one with an orbit lasting 200 years or less. [42] This contrasts it with long-period comets, whose orbits last for thousands of years. Periodic comets have an average inclination to the ecliptic of only ten degrees, and an orbital period of just 6.5 years, so Halley's orbit is atypical. [33] Most short-period comets (those with orbital periods shorter than 20 years and inclinations of 20–30 degrees or less) are called Jupiter-family comets. Those resembling Halley, with orbital periods of between 20 and 200 years and inclinations extending from zero to more than 90 degrees, are called Halley-type comets. [42] [43] As of 2015 [update], only 75 Halley-type comets have been observed, compared with 511 identified Jupiter-family comets. [44]

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Next return with perihelion on 28 July 2061 [4] [5] and Earth approach one day later on 29 July 2061 [7] a b c d "1P/Halley Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022 . Retrieved 28 June 2022. (epoch 451 is 79.29 years) The business of "rebuilding the world, and building new ones" has made exploration and commercial development of space "the moral equivalent of war" for a human race made "one huge, gossiping family" through low cost telecommunication in the world of 2061. After news media satellites attain the high-resolution snooping capacity previously known only to government intelligence agencies, global nuclear war has been negotiated past likelihood, although regional and factional competitions persist. Halley's apparition of 1456 was also witnessed in Kashmir and depicted in great detail by Śrīvara, a Sanskrit poet and biographer to the Sultans of Kashmir. He read the apparition as a cometary portent of doom foreshadowing the imminent fall of Sultan Zayn al-Abidin (AD 1418/1420–1470). [86]

Halley will come to perihelion on 27 March 2134. [6] [5] Then on 7 May 2134, Halley will pass within 0.092au (13,800,000km) of Earth. [7] Its apparent magnitude is expected to be −2.0. [135] Apparitions [ edit ] a b "The Annals of Ulster AD431–1201". Corpus of Electronic Texts. University College Cork . Retrieved 7 January 2010. We’ve also projected an increase in ethnic diversity across a large number of local authority districts. This can be assessed by what’s called an “index of diversity”, under which a score of zero represents no diversity – all people belong to a single ethnic group – while a score of one represents complete diversity, where all groups are equally represented. It soon becomes evident that the landing was not an accident at all, but a planned mission aimed at discovering the nature of a stupendous mountain that had appeared suddenly on Europa’s cloud-shrouded surface, in defiance of all laws of geological evolution--a secret that turns out to be literally shattering.Brin, David (6 December 1987). "The View From Halley's Comet". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 26 May 2015. Stephenson, F. Richard; Yau, Kevin K. C., "Oriental tales of Halley's Comet", New Scientist, vol. 103, no. 1423, pp. 30–32, 27 September 1984 ISSN 0262-4079 a b c Lynn, W. T. (1909). "Halley's Comet i