Byredo Black Saffron Edp Spray 100ml

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For any content that you submit, you grant Space NK a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, transferable right and license to use, copy, modify, delete in its entirety, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from and/or sell and/or distribute such content and/or incorporate such content into any form, medium or technology throughout the world without compensation to you. Another is the "Mongra" or "Lacha" saffron of Kashmir ( Crocus sativus 'Cashmirianus'), which is among the most difficult for consumers to obtain. [55] Repeated droughts, blights, and crop failures in Kashmir combined with an Indian export ban, contribute to its prohibitive overseas prices. Kashmiri saffron is recognizable by its dark maroon-purple hue, making it among the world's darkest. [56] In 2020, Kashmir Valley saffron was certified with a geographical indication from the Government of India. [57] World production [ edit ] Saffron market in Mashad, Iran Grilli Caiola, M. (2003), "Saffron Reproductive Biology", Acta Horticulturae, ISHS, 650 (650): 25–37, doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.650.1, S2CID 89990377

This fragrance was inspired by the exoticism and colour of the atmosphere that is characteristic of Indian culture. All it takes is a fine mist to cultivate an air of vitality and feel the warmth of a summer’s day. Layer this scent and bring brightness and vivacity to your natural aroma. The unique style of the perfume allows it to wear well on both men and women. Key Benefits Willard, P. (2002), Secrets of Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World's Most Seductive Spice, Beacon Press, ISBN 978-0-8070-5009-5 You agree to indemnify and hold Space NK (and its officers, directors, agents, subsidiaries, joint ventures, employees and third-party service providers, including but not limited to Bazaarvoice, Inc.), harmless from all claims, demands, and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising out of a breach of your representations and warranties set forth above, or your violation of any law or the rights of a third party. use of the content you supply does not violate these Terms of Use and will not cause injury to any person or entity. Vlahova, Veselka (2022). "SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE CROP IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS. A REVIEW" (PDF). Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development. 22 (2): 778 . Retrieved 22 September 2022.a b c d Gresta, F.; Lombardo, G. M.; Siracusa, L.; Ruberto, G. (2008). "Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review". Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 28 (1): 95–112. doi: 10.1051/agro:2007030. S2CID 44054590. Francis, S. (2011), Saffron: The Story of England's Red Gold, With Delicious Saffron Recipes that Family and Friends will Love, Norfolk Saffron, ISBN 978-0-955-04667-4 Crocus sativus thrives in the Mediterranean maquis, an ecotype superficially resembling the North American chaparral, and similar climates where hot and dry summer breezes sweep semi-arid lands. It can nonetheless survive cold winters, tolerating frosts as low as −10°C (14°F) and short periods of snow cover. [19] [22] Some reports suggest saffron can tolerate an air temperature range from −22 to 40 °C. [23] Irrigation is required if grown outside of moist environments such as Kashmir, where annual rainfall averages 1,000–1,500mm (40–60in); saffron-growing regions in Greece (500mm or 20in annually) and Spain (400mm or 16in) are far drier than the main cultivating Iranian regions. What makes this possible is the timing of the local wet seasons; generous spring rains and drier summers are optimal. Rain immediately preceding flowering boosts saffron yields; rainy or cold weather during flowering promotes disease and reduces yields. Persistently damp and hot conditions harm the crops, [24] and rabbits, rats, and birds cause damage by digging up corms. Nematodes, leaf rusts, and corm rot pose other threats. Yet Bacillus subtilis inoculation may provide some benefit to growers by speeding corm growth and increasing stigma biomass yield. [25]

The Minoans portrayed saffron in their palace frescoes by 1600–1500 BC; they hint at its possible use as a therapeutic drug. [79] [94] Ancient Greek legends told of sea voyages to Cilicia, where adventurers sought what they believed were the world's most valuable threads. [22] Another legend tells of Crocus and Smilax, whereby Crocus is bewitched and transformed into the first saffron crocus. [80] Ancient perfumers in Egypt, physicians in Gaza, townspeople in Rhodes, [95] and the Greek hetaerae courtesans used saffron in their scented waters, perfumes and potpourris, mascaras and ointments, divine offerings, and medical treatments. [84] Hassan, Firdous (19 February 2020). "Farmers Pitch For GI Tag For Kashmiri Saffron, World's Most Expensive Spice". www.indiaspend.com . Retrieved 11 March 2022. Dalby, A. (2002), Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices (1sted.), University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-23674-5 Amjad Masood Husaini; Azra N. Kamili; M. H. Wani; Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva; G. N. Bhat (2010), Husaini, Amjad M. (ed.), "Sustainable Saffron ( Crocus sativus Kashmirianus) Production: Technological and Policy Interventions for Kashmir", Functional Plant Science & Biotechnology, UK: Global Science Books, 4 (2): 118, ISBN 978-4-903313-67-2, ISSN 1749-0472Saffron contains some 28 volatile and aroma-yielding compounds, dominated by ketones and aldehydes. [36] Its main aroma-active compounds are safranal – the main compound responsible for saffron aroma – 4-ketoisophorone, and dihydrooxophorone. [35] [36] Saffron also contains nonvolatile phytochemicals, [37] including the carotenoids zeaxanthin, lycopene, various α- and β- carotenes, as well as crocetin and its glycoside crocein, which are the most biologically active components. [35] [38] Because crocetin is smaller and more water-soluble than the other carotenoids, it is more rapidly absorbed. [38] Asbaghi, Asya (1988). Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen. Wiesbaden: O. Harrasowitz. ISBN 978-3447027571. OCLC 19588893. Rau, S. R. (1969), The Cooking of India, Foods of the World, Time-Life Books, ISBN 978-0-8094-0069-0 Disclaimer: There is no affiliation to any perfume brand or manufacturer, this list is based on opinion only*