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Szumowski J, Coshow WR, Li F, Quinn SF. Phase unwrapping in the three-point Dixon method for fat suppression MR imaging. Radiology. 1994; 192: 555- 561. a certain frequency came from a certain voxel - so it will make a mistake about where the fat pixels are compared to the water pixels. The scanner places all Comparison of abdominal GRE water and fat images obtained using fat-saturation andwater-saturation (top row), two-point Dixon (second row), three-point Dixon (third row), and SMURF methods (bottom row), demonstrated for one exemplary volunteer. Fat-saturated images show quite high residual signal and lower image SNR. Two-point Dixon water images show very high residual fat signal, however, no fat-water swaps. Three-point Dixon images show clear fat-water separation (very little residual signal), but several fat-water swaps (blue arrows). SMURF images show very little residual signal and no fat-water swaps. (Note that FatSat/WaterSat, three-point Dixon and SMURF images were acquired using 2D imaging, while two-point Dixon images were acquired using slab-selective 3D imaging approach. The same non-linear gray scale was used for all fat images and water images, respectively.)

Twist and squeeze to use: Remove the top FS seal, gently twist the cap to the right, turn over and squeeze. Twist again to close. You could also use TE out-of-phase = 6.6 ms and TE in-phase = 8.8 ms, since the cycle repeats every 4.4 ms. At 3 T, we can do the same Ren J, Dimitrov I, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla. J Lipid Res. 2008; 49(): 2055- 2062.Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL, et al. Water consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(2):300-307. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.235 Graph of the chemical shift phenomenon. The x-axis delineates voxels in the tissue, while the y-axis shows the frequency shift generated Pruessmann K, Weiger M, Scheidegger M, Boesiger P. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999; 42: 952- 962.

A total of 75 scans were acquired; 25 repetitions of scans using each of three variants of 2D GRE acquisitions: (a)SMURF with CAIPIRINHA-shifted fat, (b)SMURF without CAIPIRINHA-shifting, and (c) “conventional” acquisitions (using broadband excitation and no spectral saturation). For each scan, fivecoronal slices were acquired with left-right phase-encoding direction, FOV=144×144mm, resolution=0.75×0.75×3.5mm, 50%slice gap, TE=13.8ms, TR=200ms, FA=41° and rBW/pixel=150Hz. FIGURE S2 (with Table S1) Comparison of SNR and SNR efficiency between 2D GRE a) SMURF, b) three-point Dixon with long TR (same as SMURF) c) three-point Dixon with short TR, assessed on the separated water and fat images. The shown SNR and SNR efficiency values represent the median of the values in all ROIs localized in the same areas and over the four repetitions. The SNR and SNR efficiency of SMURF is decreased compared to the Dixon approach – note the highest relative decrease in the liver Use day and night on clean, dry skin. Apply to palms, then pat and press over your face; letting it absorb

If you don’t drink enough water, you won’t go to the bathroom as much because your body tries to conserve fluids and maintain an appropriate water level. Too little water consumption raises the risk of dehydration and possible harm to the body. Calculating water consumption Bachrata B, Strasser B, Schmid AI, Bogner W, Trattnig S, Robinson SD. Simultaneous multiple resonance frequency (SMURF) imaging: fat-water imaging using multi-band principles. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Virtual Conference, 2020. #515. Popkin BM, D'Anci KE, Rosenberg IH. Water, hydration, and health. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(8):439-4358. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á. Effects of different exercise training programs on body composition: a randomized control trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(7):968-979. doi:10.1111/sms.13414

Seal AD, et al. (2017). Coffee with high but not low caffeine content augments fluid and electrolyte excretion at rest. Useful for transporting waste, helping organs to function, regulating body temperature and digestion. Bachrata B, Strasser B, Schmid AI, Bogner W, Trattnig S, Robinson SD. Eliminating chemical shift artefact using simultaneous, separate water and fat excitation combined with CAIPIRINHA. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2019. #4005. Zhang T, Chen Y, Bao S, et al. Resolving phase ambiguity in dual-echo Dixon imaging using a projected power method. Magn Reson Med. 2017; 77: 2066- 2076. signals with a certain small range of frequencies into the same pixel 'bin'; this frequency range depends on the bandwidth (described in detailKooti W, et al. (2015). Therapeutic and pharmacological potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review. Di Napoli A, et al. (2021). A comprehensive review of the benefits of Taraxacum officinale on human health. Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(3):177-189. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7

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Fat and water protons precess at slightly different frequencies because of molecular structure. The effect is proportional to field strength. This is referred to as the Dixon method of fat suppression - you simply acquire the in- and out-of-phase echoes and then add and subtract them to create "water-only" (fat-suppressed) and "fat-only" images. As with STIR sequences, this method is relatively resistant to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Kirchgesner T, Perlepe V, Michoux N, Larbi A, Vande BB. Fat suppression at 2D MR imaging of the hands: Dixon method versus CHESS technique and STIR sequence. Eur J Radiol. 2017;89:40–6. The bottle says this: “XCTs follow a special metabolic pathway to burn fat instead of storing it,” the label reads, while giving your body “the clean, high quality fuel it needs—and nothing else.” The bottle also includes this disclaimer, which is required by federal law: “These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.”