Tepe Interdental Brush Red 0.5mm 25 Pack

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Baekgaard, Martin; Moynihan, Donald P; Thomsen, Mette Kjærgaard (2021-02-04). "Why Do Policymakers Support Administrative Burdens? The Roles of Deservingness, Political Ideology, and Personal Experience". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 31 (1): 184–200. doi: 10.1093/jopart/muaa033. ISSN 1053-1858. However, administrative burden can exacerbate inequality when it is not evenly distributed or when it affects people differently. [34] For example, the Khawaja Sira in Pakistan—individuals who are "culturally identified as neither men nor women"—face psychological costs of discrimination and unusually high compliance costs when they attempt to obtain legal IDs. [35] Historically exploited or marginalized individuals might choose not to seek out benefits for which they are eligible, drop out of government programs, or have negative interactions with bureaucrats as a result of unequal administrative burdens. [36] [37] [38] Depending on the benefit area and the level of burden experienced, these consequences could have negative effects on individuals' health, employment, and wellbeing. [39] Existing societal inequalities also increase the likelihood that vulnerable individuals experience administrative burdens in the first place based on their identity and the benefits they are seeking (e.g., maternity leave or childcare benefits). [40] [41] There is some evidence that perceptions of deservingness might influence politicians' willingness to either passively allow administrative burdens or actively create them through policy design; this theory has equity implications if members of marginalized groups are seen as less deserving. [42] Perceptions of red tape and union involvement [ edit ] According to a postpositivist worldview known as the ‘functional efficacy approach’ or the ‘benefit-cost view’, red tape is determined by observable and objective ineffective formalities in public agencies which means they are dysfunctional for the organisation and not valid for their intended purpose. This notion has emerged on red tape as ‘rules, regulations and procedures that remain in force and entail a compliance burden for the organisation but have no efficacy for the rules’ functional object’. [15]

Fuenzalida, J., Gutiérrez, L., Fernández-Vergara, A., & González, P. (2022). Red Tape and burnout risks of public service managers: Evidence from a survey experiment of school principals. University of Oxford

Red tape and burnout risks of public service managers: Evidence from a survey experiment of school principals" (PDF). Similar issues persist throughout Latin America. [7] [9] For example, Mexico was the original home of Syntex, one of the greatest pharmaceutical firms of the 20th century—but in 1959, the company left for the American city of Palo Alto, California (in what is now Silicon Valley) because its scientists were fed up with the Mexican government's bureaucratic delays which repeatedly impeded their research. [10] As of 2009 in Mexico, it took six months and a dozen visits to government agencies to obtain a permit to paint a house, [11] and to obtain a monthly prescription for gamma globulin for X-linked agammaglobulinemia a patient had to obtain signatures from two government doctors and stamps from four separate bureaucrats before presenting the prescription to a dispensary. [12] The expression "cutting of red tape" generally refers to a reduction of bureaucratic obstacles to action. Public administration scholars have studied the impact of red tape on public servants through research on administrative performance, behavioral impact, and rule quality. [20] For the front of the mouth, insert brush into the space between the teeth at gum level by turning slightly. This technique aids access and reduces stress on the wire.

Muylaert, Jolien & Decramer, Adelien & Audenaert, M.. (2022). How Leader’s Red Tape Interacts With Employees’ Red Tape From the Lens of the Job Demands-Resources Model. Review of Public Personnel Administration. 43. 10.1177/0734371X221087420. Red tape is an idiom referring to regulations or conformity to formal rules or standards which are claimed to be excessive, rigid or redundant, or to bureaucracy claimed to hinder or prevent action or decision-making. It is usually applied to governments, corporations, and other large organizations. Things often described as "red tape" include filling out paperwork, obtaining licenses, having multiple people or committees approve a decision and various low-level rules that make conducting one's affairs slower, more difficult, or both. [1] [2] [3] Red tape has been found to hamper organizational performance and employee wellbeing across countries and contexts by a meta-analysis and meta-regression in 2021, and especially internal red tape imposed by the organization itself on its employees was identified as particularly harmful. [4] A related concept, administrative burden, refers to the costs citizens may experience in their interaction with government even if bureaucratic regulations or procedures serve legitimate purposes.

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However, regulatory reform is necessary, and a recent review [17] stated that the ongoing conflation of regulation with red tape, intentional or not, will not yield regulatory improvement. Rather, to better respond to the political ‘war on regulation and red tape’, any government's starting point should be that regulation is seen as an asset and not a liability.

Nisar, Muhammad Azfar; Masood, Ayesha (2022-06-28). "Are all Burdens Bad? Disentangling Illegitimate Administrative Burdens through Public Value Accounting". Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration: 1–19. doi: 10.1080/23276665.2022.2088581. ISSN 2327-6665. S2CID 250127477. Regulation in essence exists to create public value and brings value particularly for citizens affected by unfair trading, monopolies, externalities and market failures; and from businesses who gain from regulation in the form of market protection, subsidies, and title protection — those who want regulation to create the certainty they need to go about their business decisions. [17] Fuenzalida, J., Gutiérrez, L., Fernández-Vergara, A., & González, P. (2022). Red Tape and burnout risks of public service managers: Evidence from a survey experiment of school principals. University of Oxford. Don’t apply regular toothpaste, because of abrasives that it contains. Instead, you can use anti-bacterial TePe Gingival Gel, which is especially designed for use with an interdental brush.George et al. (2020) Red Tape, Organizational Performance and Employee Outcomes: Meta-Analysis, Meta-Regression and Research Agenda. Public Administration Review. Verheugen, Günter (June 20, 2008). "Cutting redTape for Europe". Action Programme for Reducing Administrative Burdens in the European Union. European Commission Directorate-General Enterprise and Industry. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011 . Retrieved October 14, 2020. How Leader's Red Tape Interacts With Employees' Red Tape From the Lens of the Job Demands-Resources Model". Sage Journal. Chudnovsky, Mariana; Peeters, Rik (2021). "The unequal distribution of administrative burden: A framework and an illustrative case study for understanding variation in people's experience of burdens". Social Policy & Administration. 55 (4): 527–542. doi: 10.1111/spol.12639. ISSN 0144-5596. S2CID 225426377. Pamela Herd; Moynihan, Don (2019). Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-0871544445.

a b c d e "Regulation and the war on red tape: A review of the international academic literature" (PDF). Bhargava, Saurabh; Manoli, Dayanand (2015). "Psychological Frictions and the Incomplete Take-Up of Social Benefits: Evidence from an IRS Field Experiment". American Economic Review. 105 (11): 3489–3529. doi: 10.1257/aer.20121493. ISSN 0002-8282.

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Burden, Barry C.; Canon, David T.; Mayer, Kenneth R.; Moynihan, Donald P. (2012). "The Effect of Administrative Burden on Bureaucratic Perception of Policies: Evidence from Election Administration". Public Administration Review. 72 (5): 741–751. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02600.x. ISSN 0033-3352. JSTOR 41687989. Gereffi, Gary (1983). The Pharmaceutical Industry and Dependency in the Third World (2017 reprinted.). Princeton University Press: Princeton. p.110. ISBN 9781400886227 . Retrieved 11 January 2021. Red tape is often used interchangeably with regulation or compliance generally. In the context of political ‘wars on red tape’, commentary which focuses on the origins and purpose of regulation notes that regulation can arise from a number of sources. These can include responses to market failures or incidents, citizen pressure, and non-governmental organisation campaigns. A ‘war on red tape’ is therefore considered inherently political, and relates to different perspectives on the function of regulation, and of the role of the state in society and the appropriate relationship between government, business, and the community. [18]