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By visualising women’s experiences, posters emphasised the poor treatment of women and Suffragettes’ while also showing the extremes Suffragettes went to in confronting patriarchy. They made visual moves to construct the government as threatening to suffragette prisoners’, and more generally women’s, lives. These posters circulated nationally and communicated to the public women’s experiences to a greater degree than talk of force-feeding alone could. It rendered the unimaginable imaginable by showing events. It also inspired action. Posters of force-feeding and women’s suffering became crucial to revealing women’s insecurities by calling attention to the pervasiveness of patriarchal controls over their bodies and the definitions of acceptable femininity that constrained women to the domestic, private, sphere. Oral histories on the suffrage movement carried out in the 1970s. Listen to an interview about the organising of Emily Wilding Davison's funeral. But the peaceful parade turned violent after a mob of police officers and anti-suffrage protesters interrupted it. Many of the suffragists were spat on, yelled at, and even physically assaulted. Paul, tired of the harassment, formed the National Woman's Party, which was essentially the American equivalent to Britain's militant WSPU. Before dealing with the campaigns’ caricatures, this paper will define the historical context: of the women’s movement and the formation of Suffragist and Suffragette (militant) organizations, and evoke the foundation of the Anti-Suffrage Leagues. This will be followed by the examination of the Anti-Suffragists’ utilization of caricature in contrast with Suffragette imagery.
Our collections contain primary source material relating to the campaign for women’s suffrage. The majority of this collection forms part of the Women’s Library, whose roots are founded in the suffrage movement. This collection includes personal papers of suffragists and suffragettes, records of suffrage organisations and the newspapers, journals and pamphlets published by these organisations. There are also badges, postcards, posters, banners and other 3D objects on this subject.Many other records of suffrage organisations and activities will be held at local or specialist archives some of which are mentioned in section 6. 2. Overview of our collection 2.1 What you might find What did one find when one got into the company of women and talked politics? They were soon asked to stop talking silly politics, and yet that was the type of people to whom we were invited to hand over the destinies of the country. Faced with determined opposition from many politicians, the press and the public (including women), Keir Hardie, M.P. (Independent Labour Party) was a good political friend to the women’s suffrage campaigners. While Liberal politicians consistently voted in support of the Conciliation Bills to grant a measure of women’s suffrage in 1910, 1911 and 1912, their wishes were crushed by the anti-women’s suffrage Prime Minister Herbert Asquith and others who refused to steer a Bill through Parliament. The collapse of the 1912 Conciliation Bill was the trigger which propelled the W.S.P.U. into sanctioning extreme militancy which marked the final two years of the campaign until the outbreak of the First World War. Explore the women’s rights collection on LSE Digital Library. It contains two sets of suffrage newspapers and journals, pamphlets and leaflets and the annual reports of suffrage groups, covering the campaign from the late 19th century to 1928 when women achieved equal voting rights with men. Here are the three main suffrage newspapers: Two key collections arein the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) Women’s Library and the University of Manchester Library: Women’s Suffrage Movement Archives
The Daily Mail photos can be contrasted to some of those taken by the police in secret. Number 13 is a photo of Christabel Pankhurst. Women, Welfare and Local Politics, 1880-1920: ‘We Might be Trusted’, Steven King (Sussex Academic Press, 2006) Militant suffrage supporters were known as suffragettes and non-militant campaigners were known as suffragists. Often, the government used the terms interchangeably or not at all. Zimbabwe's Women in Politics Support Unit (WiPSU) are also campaigning to for greater roles for women in politics, and work to increase female voter participation. They encourage women to stand for election, and lobby the government to accept different forms of identification for voting so that more people (particularly women) can cast their votes. Finally, WiPSU is working to develop a peace pledge to encourage politicians to sign onto to ensure safer and less violent elections, as well as hold individuals accountable.While it is not known why Phillips decided to send the ephemera to the library, the institution's decision to save and store the posters proves that they were valued—an unusual attitude at the time. Though treasured today, protest signs of the period were typically viewed as ephemera. Action to draw attention to the cause took place across the UK. It included refusing to complete the 1911 census, protest rallies and marches and destruction of property. Many suffragettes were prosecuted and some were imprisoned. The March of the Women: a Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Women’s Suffrage 1866-1914, Martin Pugh (Oxford University Press 2002) There was a large attendance at a "At Home" held at Hurst-on-Clays, East Grinstead, by kind permission of Lady Jeannie Lucinda Musgrave on Tuesday afternoon. Mrs. Archibald Colquhoun of the Women’s National Anti-Suffrage League said that women had never possessed the right to vote for Members of Parliament in this country nor in any great country, and although the women’s vote had been granted in one or two smaller countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, no great empire have given women’s a voice in running the country. Women have not had the political experience that men had, and, on the whole, did not want the vote, and had little knowledge of, or interest in, politics. Politics would go on without the help of women, but the home wouldn’t. Wikimedia Commons The 19th Amendment reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex."
While it is arguable that such a partnership with woman in government as obtains in Australia and New Zealand is sufficiently unreal to be endurable, there cannot be two opinions on the question that a virile and imperial race will not brook any attempt at forcible control by women. Material relating to Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, Christabel and Sylvia, is dispersed throughout the collection. Papers relating to the WSPU can be found in the personal papers of suffragettes.
The Pankhursts and Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU)
As suffragettes increasingly found themselves jailed, many resisted unfair or inhumane imprisonment with hunger strikes. In response, jailers would often force-feed female prisoners with steel devices to pry open their mouths and long hoses inserted into their noses and down their throats. This caused severe damage to the women’s faces, mouths, lungs, and stomachs, sometimes causing illness and death. Independent Labour Partycollection contains correspondence between Emmeline Pankhurst and Keir Hardie, along with the letters of many other women’s suffrage campaigners. Next year will mark 150 years since the founding of Girton College, the first Cambridge College dedicated to the education of women. Over the next two years, the University Library will conduct research on its other treasures of women’s history, hosting events and exhibitions. Collections like this help us to understand how design can be used for a political cause,” says Delap. “They influenced women’s protest, and other protest, throughout the 20th century, such as the feminist posters of the See Red Women’s Workshop, which ran from 1974-1990. That poster tradition has carried on.”
Mill-Taylor collectioncontains correspondence between John Stuart Mill and Helen Taylor with the main suffrage campaigners of the time. Image credit: Anonymous, We Want the Vote (1908). Source: Museum of London, image no. 010260. LSE Library; Museum of London Picture Library. What methods were used by the police to detect suffragette activities? [sources: surveillance, cameras, finger printing]
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Chloe: In Uganda, the National Association of Professional Environmentalists (NAPE) have established a radio station called Community Green Radio where women’s stories are broadcast. Radio staff source stories from local women’s groups, with prominent topics including the gendered impacts of land grabs in Uganda and climate change and pollution. NAPE creates Listeners' Clubs, where women can gather with radios to listen to the station. Women’s suffrage and government control 1906-1922: papers from the Cabinet, Home Office and Metropolitan Police files in the Public Record Office (Adam Matthew Publications, 2000) It is important that students recognise that the same document can serve as evidence for more than one line of enquiry. Encourage students to interpret the records, spot inferences and try and detect any unwitting testimony. Here are some general guidance questions to help them evaluate and understand documents. Teachers may wish to print these out and discuss with the students before looking at the material. Among the more influential activist groups present was the Southern Women’s League for the Rejection of the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, a union of women from every southern state led by Josephine Pearson, who also served as president of the Tennessee State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Pearson and her colleagues worked tirelessly to ensure they wouldn’t receive their own right to vote. They relied heavily on propaganda preaching that women’s suffrage would destroy southern womanhood and chivalry. Anti-suffragists, illustrated
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