Drawing the Holocaust: A Teenager's Memory of Terezín, Birkenau, and Mauthausen

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He then stayed with his mother in the German capital working as a gravedigger – despite his tender age – until they were both deported to Auschwitz in 1943.

Following the publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, the study of The Nazi guards with guns watched me as I walked to the train station. I was terrified that I would be arrested or worse at any moment, but I pretended to smile being polite. My mother broke down in tears as I boarded the Kindertransport train to the Netherlands. At Hook of Holland I was put on a boat for Britain. I was 14 years old. I wept, terrified as I sailed away from my home, my family, my mother and my brother, they stayed in Germany. I was 90% dead. After the war I was in a hospital, because I was very, very... a skeleton. I was a skeleton. I was in a sanitarium for lungs and in a hospital, and two years later I was married and I built a big family.

resulted in the deaths and torture of thousands of Jews in June and July 1941. In Romania, the Antonescu regime widely collaborated with the Nazis to murder their Jewish inhabitants. Approximately 270,000 Romanian Jews were killed in the Holocaust.

This internal duplication meant that many elements of the regime were forced to compete with each other for power. Each office took increasingly radical steps to solidify its favour with Hitler, and in turn, its authority. The process is often referred to as ‘working towards the Führer’: the idea that the Nazi state attempted to anticipate and develop policy in line with Hitler’s wishes, without him being directly involved. Goebbels’ organisation of Kristallnacht can be used as an example of ‘working towards the Führer’ – Hitler did not directly authorise the event, but it was carried out with his racist ideology and wishes in mind. There he remained until the inmates were evacuated in January 1945 and sent on a death march by Nazi forces retreating from Soviet troops, before enduring Gross-Rosen concentration camp and later Buchenwald, which was liberated in April 1945. Following the Enlightenment (late seventeenth century – early nineteenth century), there was a growth in The Holocaust ended in May 1945 when the major Allied Powers (Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union) defeated Nazi Germany in World War II. As Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of offensives, they overran concentration camps. There they liberated the surviving prisoners, many of whom were Jews. The Allies also encountered and liberated the survivors of so-called death marches. These forced marches consisted of groups of Jewish and non-Jewish concentration camp inmates who had been evacuated on foot from camps under SS guard.

Levels of Involvement

Without either of us slowing our stride, we touched hands. I managed to sneak a kiss. To hold her hand again was an unimaginable, miraculous moment.' DAISY GOODWIN: Why I believe a good funeral can be just as memorable and life-affirming as a wedding (and to deny your family one is selfish), as more than half of us say a formal send-off is a waste of money