Bandai Hobby HG G-Reco Gundam G-Lucifer Gundam Reconguista in G Model Kit, 1/144 Scale

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Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar ( mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide. St. Fleur، Nicholas (1 ديسمبر 2016). "Four New Names Officially Added to the Periodic Table of Elements". New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 14 أغسطس 2017. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches, mercury relays, fluorescent lamps and other devices, although concerns about the element's toxicity have led the phase out of such mercury-containing instruments. [7] Koppenol، W. H. (2002). "Naming of New Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. ج.74 ع.5: 787–791. DOI: 10.1351/pac200274050787. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 31 أكتوبر 2008. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86thed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. pp.4.125–4.126. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

Gray, T. (22 September 2004). "The Amazing Rusting Aluminum". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009 . Retrieved 7 July 2009. The symptoms of HG typically begin within the first 6 weeks of pregnancy. HG can be extremely debilitating and cause fatigue that lasts for weeks or months. People with HG may not be able to work or perform their normal daily activities. The claimed 1976 synthesis is Deming, Richard L.; Allred, A. L.; Dahl, Alan R.; Herlinger, Albert W.; Kestner, Mark O. (July 1976). "Tripositive mercury. Low temperature electrochemical oxidation of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanemercury(II) tetrafluoroborate". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 98 (14): 4132–4137. doi: 10.1021/ja00430a020; but note that Reidel & Kaupp cite more recent work arguing that the cyclam ligand is instead oxidized. Mercury sphygmomanometers (blood pressure meter), barometers, diffusion pumps, coulometers, and many other laboratory instruments took advantage of mercury's properties as a very dense, opaque liquid with a nearly linear thermal expansion. [81] Castles, W. T.; Kimball, V. F. (2005). Firearms and Their Use. Kessinger Publishing. p.104. ISBN 978-1-4179-8957-7.Hesse, R W (2007). Jewelrymaking through history. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.120. ISBN 978-0-313-33507-5.

Mercury(II) is the most common oxidation state and is the main one in nature as well. All four mercuric halides are known. They form tetrahedral complexes with other ligands but the halides adopt linear coordination geometry, somewhat like Ag + does. Best known is mercury(II) chloride, an easily sublimating white solid. HgCl 2 forms coordination complexes that are typically tetrahedral, e.g. HgCl 2− Ciriminna, Rosaria; Falletta, Ermelinda; Della Pina, Cristina; Teles, Joaquim Henrique; Pagliaro, Mario (2016). "Industrial Applications of Gold Catalysis". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (46): 1433–7851. doi: 10.1002/anie.201604656. hdl: 2434/463818. PMID 27624999. S2CID 28730917. Z (عدد البروتونات في نواة الذرة). يبدأ الصف الجديد ( الدورة) عندما يحصل غلاف التكافؤ الجديد على أول إلكترون له. يتم تحديد الأعمدة ( المجموعات) حسب التوزيع الإلكتروني للذرة؛ العناصر التي لها نفس عدد الإلكترونات في مستوى فرعي معين تقع في نفس الأعمدة (على سبيل المثال الأكسجين والسيلينيوم في نفس العمود لأن كلاهما يحتويان على أربعة إلكترونات في الجزء الخارجي من المستوى الفرعي p). وتندرج العناصر التي لها خصائص كيميائية مماثلة في نفس المجموعة في الجدول الدوري عمومًا، على الرغم من أن العناصر الموجودة في الدورة نفسها، في المستوى الفرعي f، تحظى أيضًا بخصائص متشابهة. وبالتالي، من السهل نسبيًا التنبؤ بالخصائص الكيميائية لعنصر ما إذا عرف المرء خصائص العناصر المحيطة به. [5] Unlike its lighter neighbors, cadmium and zinc, mercury usually forms simple stable compounds with metal-metal bonds. Most mercury(I) compounds are diamagnetic and feature the dimeric cation, Hg 2+ Burkholder, M. & Johnson, L. (2008). Colonial Latin America. Oxford University Press. pp.157–159. ISBN 978-0-19-504542-0.A less well-known source of mercury is the burning of joss paper, [111] which is a common tradition practiced in Asia, including China, [112] Vietnam, Hong Kong, Thailand, Taiwan and Malaysia. [113] Sediment contamination Gaseous mercury is used in mercury-vapor lamps and some " neon sign" type advertising signs and fluorescent lamps. Those low-pressure lamps emit very spectrally narrow lines, which are traditionally used in optical spectroscopy for calibration of spectral position. Commercial calibration lamps are sold for this purpose; reflecting a fluorescent ceiling light into a spectrometer is a common calibration practice. [70] Gaseous mercury is also found in some electron tubes, including ignitrons, thyratrons, and mercury arc rectifiers. [71] It is also used in specialist medical care lamps for skin tanning and disinfection. [72] Gaseous mercury is added to cold cathode argon-filled lamps to increase the ionization and electrical conductivity. An argon-filled lamp without mercury will have dull spots and will fail to light correctly. Lighting containing mercury can be bombarded/oven pumped only once. When added to neon filled tubes the light produced will be inconsistent red/blue spots until the initial burning-in process is completed; eventually it will light a consistent dull off-blue color. [73] and elemental mercury. [46] Mercury(I) chloride, a colorless solid also known as calomel, is really the compound with the formula Hg 2Cl 2, with the connectivity Cl-Hg-Hg-Cl. It is a standard in electrochemistry. It reacts with chlorine to give mercuric chloride, which resists further oxidation. Mercury(I) hydride, a colorless gas, has the formula HgH, containing no Hg-Hg bond. Because of the high toxicity of mercury, both the mining of cinnabar and refining for mercury are hazardous and historic causes of mercury poisoning. [42] In China, prison labor was used by a private mining company as recently as the 1950s to develop new cinnabar mines. Thousands of prisoners were used by the Luo Xi mining company to establish new tunnels. [43] Worker health in functioning mines is at high risk. John Newlands) 60 عنصرا حسب الأوزان الذرية ووجد تشابها ما بين العنصر الأول والعنصر التاسع والعنصر الثاني والعنصر العاشر إلى آخره من الترتيب. فاقترح قانون اوكتاف the 'Law of Octaves'.وكان ديمتري مندليف Dmitri Mendeleev - عالم كيميائي روسي ولد بمدينة توبوليسك بسيبيريا عام 1834 - عرف بأنه أبو الجدول الدوري للعناصر the periodic table of the elements. وهذا الجدول له أهميته لدراسة الكيمياء وفهم وتبسيط التفاعلات الكيميائية حتى المعقدة منها. ولم يكن مندليف قد رتب الجدول الدوري للعناصر فقط، بل كتب مجلدين بعنوان مبادئ الكيمياء Principles of Chemistry. مات في 20 يناير 1907.