Cosmos: The Story of Cosmic Evolution, Science and Civilisation

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Garreau, Joel (2003-07-21). "Science's Mything Links As the Boundaries of Reality Expand, Our Thinking Seems to Be Going Over the Edge". Washington Post . Retrieved 3 January 2010. This planet is run by crazy people. Remember what they have to do to get where they are. Their perspective is so narrow, so…brief. A few years. In the best of them a few decades. They care only about the time they are in power. The universe seems neither benign nor hostile, merely indifferent to the concerns of such puny creatures as we are. To me it is not in the least demeaning that consciousness and intelligence are the result of “mere” matter sufficiently complexly arranged; on the contrary, it is an exalting tribute to the subtlety of matter and the laws of Nature. ( Chapter 8, “The Future Evolution of the Brain”) The Cosmos is all that is or ever was or ever will be. Our feeblest contemplations of the Cosmos stir us — there is a tingling in the spine, a catch in the voice, a faint sensation as if a distant memory, of falling from a height. We know we are approaching the greatest of mysteries.

Every aspect of Nature reveals a deep mystery and touches our sense of wonder and awe. Those afraid of the universe as it really is, those who pretend to nonexistent knowledge and envision a Cosmos centered on human beings will prefer the fleeting comforts of superstition. They avoid rather than confront the world. But those with the courage to explore the weave and structure of the Cosmos, even where it differs profoundly from their wishes and prejudices, will penetrate its deepest mysteries.” During the 3rd hundredth year BCE, the manager of the popular big Alexandria’s library in Egypt, named Eratosthenes, calculated that our world had been a sphere. About 60 years after, that pattern was refined further. Johannes Kepler a German cosmologist, laid his mind on the extraordinarily thorough information gathered by Tycho Brahe from Denmark who was a nobleman, and experimental cosmologist.In the vastness of space and the immensity of time, it is my joy to share a planet and an epoch with Annie. But our openness to the dazzling possibilities presented by modern science must be tempered by some hard-nosed skepticism. Many interesting possibilities simply turn out to be wrong. An openness to new possibilities and a willingness to ask hard questions are both required to advance our knowledge. And the asking of tough questions has an ancillary benefit: political and religious life in America, especially in the last decade and a half, has been marked by an excessive public credulity, an unwillingness to ask difficult questions, which has produced a demonstrable impairment in our national health. Consumer skepticism makes quality products. This may be why governments and churches and school systems do not exhibit unseemly zeal in encouraging critical thought. They know they themselves are vulnerable. (Chapter 5, “Night Walkers and Mystery Mongers: Sense and Nonsense at the End of Science”) Ionia was an area around the East Mediterranean: the thing we now consider as Greek islands of the East and the West part of Turkey. Around olden times, that was the crossway of enlightenment. Ionia wasn’t just a capital of trade; however, the area was also ruled by Babylonians, Egyptians, and further huge civilizations. The fundamental physical properties of the universe, for long, are recognized by humans. Scientists were examining its nature about 2,000 years ago. Also, they estimated the earth’s mainland neither to be infinite nor was it flat. Note that in all this interaction between mutation and natural selection, no moth is making a conscious effort to adapt to a changed environment. The process is random and statistical. (Chapter 2, “Genes and Brains”)

I believe that even a smattering of such findings in modern science and mathematics is far more compelling and exciting than most of the doctrines of pseudoscience, whose practitioners were condemned as early as the fifth century B.C. by the Ionian philosopher Heraclitus as “nightwalkers, magicians, priests of Bacchus, priestesses of the wine-vat, mystery-mongers.” But science is more intricate and subtle, reveals a much richer universe, and powerfully evokes our sense of wonder. And it has the additional and important virtue—to whatever extent the word has any meaning—of being true. (Chapter 5, “Night Walkers and Mystery Mongers: Sense and Nonsense at the End of Science”) Pythagoras, as well as his disciples, assumed that the universe, is divine and perfect, followed by fixed laws of geometry. Everything they required was naive thinking and nothing more. Experimentation didn’t have any spot around that academic attitude. The Ionians began conducting experiments and therefore brought about a scientific reformation. Maybe well-known, Democritus developed the theory of atoms in about 430 BCE. That has been a Greek term that signifies “uncuttable.” He claimed that at the time you divide an apple, the knife is really going through the empty gaps amongst atoms. Subsequently, he concluded that all objects could be viewed as having blank gaps and atoms. The U.S. Library of Congress designated Cosmos one of eighty-eight books "that shaped America." [32] See also [ edit ]Broca was quoted as saying, “I would rather be a transformed ape than a degenerate son of Adam.” (Chapter 1, “Broca’s Brain”) During the 5th to 4th hundredth years BCE, they began to have the claim that making experiments was similar to work with hands around fields. Hence, It was work appropriate for slaves. Naive intellectual consideration has to, in contrast, be theoretic. Clarinet Concerto in A Major, K. 622" – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Performed by Mostly Mozart Orchestra) (7:53)

As a matter of fact, it’s really huge that we’ve needed to form a unique measurement scale according to light’s pace. The choice is with us still, but the civilization now in jeopardy is all humanity. As the ancient myth makers knew, we are children equally of the earth and the sky. In our tenure on this planet we’ve accumulated dangerous evolutionary baggage — propensities for aggression and ritual, submission to leaders, hostility to outsiders — all of which puts our survival in some doubt. But we’ve also acquired compassion for others, love for our children and desire to learn from history and experience, and a great soaring passionate intelligence — the clear tools for our continued survival and prosperity. Which aspects of our nature will prevail is uncertain, particularly when our visions and prospects are bound to one small part of the small planet Earth. But up there in the immensity of the Cosmos, an inescapable perspective awaits us. There are not yet any obvious signs of extraterrestrial intelligence and this makes us wonder whether civilizations like ours always rush implacably, headlong, toward self-destruction. National boundaries are not evident when we view the Earth from space. Fanatical ethnic or religious or national chauvinisms are a little difficult to maintain when we see our planet as a fragile blue crescent fading to become an inconspicuous point of light against the bastion and citadel of the stars. Travel is broadening. The popularity of Sagan's Cosmos has been referenced in arguments supporting increased space exploration spending. [25] Sagan's book was also referenced in Congress by Arthur C. Clarke in a speech promoting an end to Cold War anti-ICBM spending, instead arguing that the anti-ICBM budget would be better spent on Mars exploration. [26] Critical reception [ edit ] This signifies that there’s no cause to reason that any living thing on a different planet would resemble something in our world. Nevertheless, that globe would possess totally different circumstances and a distinct advancement history. Einstein understood counterintuitive events similar to these might just be prevented when these principles were abided by. First of all, light moves at the exact pace all the time, regardless of who’s watching it. Secondly, there is absolutely nothing that may move more rapidly than the pace of light.

From these data repository, Kepler estimated that planets’ orbits while rotating were not ring-shaped, as assumed previously; however, as a matter of fact, were elliptical. This created the first planetary motion law from his 3 of those, and these are still used in astrophysics up to this moment. Beginning with the origins of the universe in the Big Bang, Sagan describes the formation of different types of galaxies and anomalies such as galactic collisions and quasars. The discoveries of Edwin Hubble and Milton L. Humason are described. The episode moves further into ideas about the structure of the Universe, such as different dimensions (in the imaginary Flatland and four-dimensional hypercubes), an infinite vs. a finite universe, and the idea of an oscillating Universe (similar to that in Hindu cosmology). The search into other ideas such as dark matter and the multiverse is shown, using tools such as the Very Large Array in New Mexico. Cosmos Update shows new information about the odd, irregular surfaces of galaxies and the Milky Way perhaps being a barred spiral galaxy. Also, what of us humans? Can we have a bodily connection with existence around other globes? Theoretically, it’s possible; however, politics hinders that. The “Orion” project was established in 1958. The notion was to form an aircraft that is interstellar and thrust by huge energy. That energy might be created by little atomic bursts externally from the aircraft. For example, each Voyager consists of three different types of computers, and all those computers themselves are replicated.

Blum, Matt (August 5, 2011). "Cosmos Will Get a Sequel Hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson". Wired . Retrieved August 5, 2011. Consider again that dot. That’s here. That’s home. That�My fundamental premise about the brain is that its workings—what we sometimes call “mind”—are a consequence of its anatomy and physiology, and nothing more. (Introduction) The major religions on the Earth contradict each other left and right. You can’t all be correct. And what if all of you are wrong? It’s a possibility, you know. You must care about the truth, right? Well, the way to winnow through all the differing contentions is to be skeptical. I’m not any more skeptical about your religious beliefs than I am about every new scientific idea I hear about. But in my line of work, they’re called hypotheses, not inspiration and not revelation.