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Sanborn, Laura J. (May 14, 2007). "The Long Term Effects of Spay/Neuter in Dogs" (PDF). The NAIA Library. National Animal Interest Alliance . Retrieved December 9, 2013. a b Howard E. Evans; Alexander de Lahunta (7 August 2013). Miller's Anatomy of the Dog - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-26623-9. Vulvar swelling is the first physical indication of an impending estrus cycle. However, the most obvious recognizable sign is vaginal bleeding. This may not become apparent until a few days after the female has come into estrus. Some female dogs experience heavy vaginal bleeding during estrus, while other dogs have minimal bleeding. If you are concerned about your dog, consult your veterinarian. "...the most obvious recognizable sign is vaginal bleeding."
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Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate has been identified in the vaginal secretions of female dogs in estrus. When small amounts of this compound were applied to the vulvas of anestrous or spayed females, males placed with these females became sexually aroused and attempted to mount them." Bruce E. Eilts (2 September 2011). "Normal Canine Reproduction". Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015 . Retrieved 10 April 2013. The shaft of a dogs penis is not visible, even during an erection; however its pathway can be felt starting at the knot passing between the hind legs and carrying on up to the anus. The fur around the female vulva should be trimmed and cleaned to make sure there will be clean entering.
Trevor Turner (31 August 2011). Veterinary Notes For Dog Owners. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4464-8976-5. Spaying (females) and neutering (males) refers to the sterilization of animals—usually by castration (removal of the male's testicles) or ovariohysterectomy (removal of the female's ovaries and uterus)—to eliminate the ability to procreate, and reduce sex drive. Castration has also been known to reduce aggression in male dogs (in some cases), but spaying has been shown to occasionally increase aggression in female dogs. [46] Where possible, let the dogs mate naturally and in their own time. Inexperienced dogs may need a little guidance, but you should avoid trying to get too involved. You could gently hold the bitch to keep her steady while the stud dog mounts her, but you should never force her to be mated
Dog Mating Is Successful: Clear Signs to Look How to Know If Dog Mating Is Successful: Clear Signs to Look
Monitoring the changes in vaginal discharge can provide valuable information about a female dog’s reproductive status. Physical Indicators of Pregnancy Studies [51] [52] [53] [54] have shown that spaying or neutering may be associated with increasing some serious health and behavioural consequences while reducing others. [55] [56] The American Veterinary Association (AVMA) position provides no single recommendation to spay or neuter nor for one single age for spay or neuter that is more or less optimal than another. Rather, the AVMA position is that spay or neuter be determined on a case-by-case basis to assess risks for orthopedic disease, neoplasia, reproductive disease, longevity, and population control for each individual. [55]Heidenberger E, Unshelm J (1990). "[Changes in the behavior of dogs after castration]". Tierärztliche Praxis (in German). 18 (1): 69–75. PMID 2326799. Estrus: This is the phase when the female is fertile and receptive to mating, which generally lasts around 5 to 9 days. The vaginal discharge changes in both color and consistency: it becomes lighter, often turning from a bloody red to a straw-yellow or clear color. This is often a sign that the female is ovulating and is the optimal time for mating.
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