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Rattlesnakes generally take several years to mature, and females usually reproduce only once every three years. [73] Brumation [ edit ] Meier, Jürg; White, Julian, eds. (1995). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons, Volume 236. CRC Press. p.639. ISBN 978-0-8493-4489-3. Glenn, J. L.; R. C. Straight. 1982. "The rattlesnakes and their venom yield and lethal toxicity". In: Tu, A. (ed) Rattlesnake Venoms, Their Actions and Treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. Most rattlesnake species mate during the summer or fall, while some species mate only in the spring, or during both the spring and fall. [66] a b Gupta, Ramesh Chandra, ed. (2007). Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical principles. Academic Press. pp.800–801. ISBN 978-0-12-370467-2.

Aztec paintings, Central American temples, and the great burial mounds in the Southern United States are frequently adorned with depictions of rattlesnakes, often within the symbols and emblems of the most powerful deities. [99] Levis, Nicholas A.; Pfennig, David W. (2021-05-31). "Innovation and Diversification Via Plasticity-Led Evolution". Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp.211–240. doi: 10.1201/9780429343001-12. ISBN 978-0-429-34300-1. S2CID 233563740 . Retrieved 2022-11-12. Rattlesnakes are preyed upon by hawks, weasels, kingsnakes, and a variety of other species. Rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon as neonates, while they are still weak and immature. Large numbers of rattlesnakes are killed by humans. Rattlesnake populations in many areas are severely threatened by habitat destruction, poaching, and extermination campaigns.

Hammerson, Geoffrey A. (2004). Connecticut wildlife: biodiversity, natural history, and conservation. UPNE. p.328. ISBN 978-1-58465-369-1.

Rattlesnakes tend to avoid developed areas, preferring undisturbed, natural habitats. Rapid habitat destruction by humans, mass killings during events such as rattlesnake round-ups, and deliberate extermination campaigns all pose threats to rattlesnake populations in many areas. Several species, such as the timber rattlesnake, massasauga, and canebrake rattlesnake, are listed as threatened or endangered in many U.S. states. [79] Craats, Rennay (2016-08-01). Arizona: The Grand Canyon State. Weigl Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4896-4823-5. An important function of the skin is the sensation of changes in air temperature, which can guide the snakes towards warm basking/shelter locations. [62] All snakes are ectotherms. To maintain a stable body temperature, they exchange heat with their external environments. Snakes often move into open, sunny areas to absorb heat from the sun and warmed earth, a behavior known as basking. Nerves in the skin regulate the flow of blood into the veins near the surface. [61]Whitford, Malachi (2020). "The effects of temperature on the defensive strikes of rattlesnakes" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 223 (Pt 14). doi: 10.1242/jeb.223859. PMID 32561628. S2CID 219951376.

Keep collections to yourself or inspire other shoppers! Keep in mind that anyone can view public collections - they may also appear in recommendations and other places. Lessenger, James E., ed. (2006). Agricultural medicine: a practical guide. Birkhäuser. p.447. ISBN 978-0-387-25425-8. Rubio 1998, p.59 – Knowledge that rattlesnakes are so afraid of kingsnakes' odor led to the development of effective synthetic rattlesnake repellents. Amerello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey; Slone, John (2011). "Family values: Maternal care in rattlesnakes is more than mere attendance". Nature Precedings. doi: 10.1038/npre.2011.6671.1. Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Floyd, Charles (1904), Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, vol.1, p.257 .Rattlesnakes travel with their rattles held up to protect them from damage, but in spite of this precaution, their day-to-day activities in the wild still cause them to regularly break off end segments. Because of this, the number of rattles on its tail is not related to the age of a rattlesnake. [1] [49] [50] Vitts, Laurie J. (1999). "Rattlesnake". In Mares, Michael A.; etal. (eds.). Encyclopedia of deserts. University of Oklahoma Press. p.468. ISBN 978-0-8061-3146-7. The venom is hemotoxic, destroying tissue, causing necrosis and coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). [41] In the U.S., the tiger rattlesnake ( C. tigris) and some varieties of the Mojave rattlesnake ( C. scutulatus) also have a presynaptic neurotoxic venom component known as Mojave type A toxin, which can cause severe paralysis. [41] [42] [43] Although it has a comparatively low venom yield, [44] the venom toxicity of C. tigris is considered to be among the highest of all rattlesnake venoms, and among the highest of all snakes in the Western Hemisphere based on LD 50 studies conducted on laboratory mice. C. scutulatus is also widely regarded as producing one of the most toxic snake venoms in the Americas, based on LD 50 studies in laboratory mice. [45]