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Lewis, John (2011-06-15). "Robert Johnson sells his souls to the devil". The Guardian . Retrieved 2018-01-03. Hasan of Basra, an eminent Muslim theologian who lived in the seventh century AD, was quoted as saying: "Iblis was not an angel even for the time of an eye wink. He is the origin of Jinn as Adam is of Mankind." [198] The medieval Persian scholar Abu Al-Zamakhshari states that the words angels and jinn are synonyms. [199] Another Persian scholar, Al-Baydawi, instead argues that Satan hoped to be an angel, [199] but that his actions made him a jinn. [199] Abu Mansur al-Maturidi who is reverred as the founder of Maturidiyyah Sunni orthodoxy ( kalam) argued that since angels can be blessed by God, they are also put to a test and can be punished. Accordingly, Satan became a devil ( shaiṭān) or jinn after he refused to obey. [200] Other Islamic scholars argue that Satan was a jinn who was admitted into Paradise as a reward for his righteousness and, unlike the angels, was given the choice to obey or disobey God. When he was expelled from Paradise, Satan blamed humanity for his punishment. [201] Concerning the fiery origin of Iblis, Zakariya al-Qazwini and Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ibshihi [202] state that all supernatural creatures originated from fire but the angels from its light and the jinn from its blaze, thus fire denotes a disembodiment origin of all spiritual entities. [203] Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi argued that only the angels of mercy are created from light, but angels of punishment have been created from fire. [204] Use italics (lyric) and bold (lyric) to distinguish between different vocalists in the same song part Caldwell, William. "The Doctrine of Satan: III. In the New Testament", The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Mar., 1913), pp.167–172 in JSTOR
Caldwell, William. "The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature", The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Feb., 1913), pp.98–102 in JSTOR Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leoni (2005), Semitic Etymological Dictionary 2: Animal Names, Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol.278/2, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pp.131–132, ISBN 3-934628-57-5 Satan and demons are powerful spirits, but they are not omnipresent, omniscient, or omnipotent. Regarding omnipresence—demons can leave a man and enter pigs (Mark 5:13). Regarding omniscience—angels, and we can safely surmise fallen angels also, do not know the day and hour of the return of the Son of Man (Matthew 24:36). Regarding omnipotence—no angel, ruler or power can separate the believer from the love of Christ (Rom. 8:38). In some Christian circles, devilish power, knowledge, and presence are inflated. 4. The diabolic aim is worship.The devil is a deceiver (Rev. 12:9). The apostle Paul warns the Corinthians that the devil can disguise himself as “an angel of light” (2 Cor. 11:14). Paul is writing about the danger of false teachers who disguise themselves as “apostles of Christ” (2 Cor. 11:13). These “deceitful workmen” are agents of the great deceiver. False teaching, false gospel, and false teachers still persist and trouble the churches. This may be particularly so in the West. I once heard a pastor who had been imprisoned by the communist regime in the Soviet days say that the DD degree can stand for Doctor of Divinity or Doctor of Darkness. Rebus, however, lived in real time, which meant that retirement eventually loomed. Now, in Rather Be the Devil, he is on the periphery of the police, itching to get involved but unable to find a role. He has health issues, too, which trouble him as he sits in his tenement flat, surrounded by notes from cases solved and unsolved. One of these begins to resonate with crimes happening in the present, and Rebus starts to see a way in which he can become useful again – useful as a detective, which is the only thing he’s ever wanted in life. Along with his old adversary, the gangster Morris Gerald Cafferty, he is asking himself if he has made any difference to the world. The two men become involved in a battle of wills. This has been the story of their relationship ever since Cafferty entered the series in book three. Neither man can really imagine a world without the other, much as they may sometimes want to kill one another. Nehemiah Skip James: Mississippi Blues Musician". Mississippi Writers, Musicians, Actors, and Artists. June 9, 1902 . Retrieved September 10, 2019. A figure known as ha-satan ("the satan") first appears in the Hebrew Bible as a heavenly prosecutor, subordinate to Yahweh (God), who prosecutes the nation of Judah in the heavenly court and tests the loyalty of Yahweh's followers. During the intertestamental period, possibly due to influence from the Zoroastrian figure of Angra Mainyu, the satan developed into a malevolent entity with abhorrent qualities in dualistic opposition to God. In the apocryphal Book of Jubilees, Yahweh grants the satan (referred to as Mastema) authority over a group of fallen angels, or their offspring, to tempt humans to sin and punish them. Jude 9 refers to a dispute between Michael the Archangel and the Devil over the body of Moses. [94] [95] [96] Some interpreters understand this reference to be an allusion to the events described in Zechariah 3:1–2. [95] [96] The classical theologian Origen attributes this reference to the non-canonical Assumption of Moses. [97] [98] According to James H. Charlesworth, there is no evidence the surviving book of this name ever contained any such content. [99] Others believe it to be in the lost ending of the book. [99] [100] The second chapter of the pseudepigraphical Second Epistle of Peter [101] copies much of the content of the Epistle of Jude, [101] but omits the specifics of the example regarding Michael and Satan, with 2 Peter 2:10–11 instead mentioning only an ambiguous dispute between "Angels" and "Glories". [101] Throughout the New Testament, Satan is referred to as a "tempter" ( Matthew 4:3), [8] "the ruler of the demons" ( Matthew 12:24), [102] [8] "the God of this Age" ( 2 Corinthians 4:4), [103] "the evil one" ( 1 John 5:18), [8] and "a roaring lion" ( 1 Peter 5:8). [102] Book of Revelation St. Michael Vanquishing Satan (1518) by Raphael, depicting Satan being cast out of heaven by Michael the Archangel, as described in Revelation 12:7–8
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Rabbi Rachel Timoner Breath of Life: God as Spirit in Judaism Paraclete Press 2011; ISBN 978-1-557-25899-1 Rankin has spent nearly three decades in the company of Rebus, about 10 years longer than Chandler with Marlowe, and this relationship shows no sign of medical emergency. Following novels establishing the characters of Clarke and Fox alongside Rebus and his archenemy, Big Ger, the more recent cast members now feel as credible as Rebus himself and the sparks of their interaction create an atmosphere as rich as the plot, boding well for the future. ibn Muḥammad Thaʻlabī, Aḥmad; Brinner, William M. (2002). ʻArāʻis al-majālis fī qiṣaṣ al-anbiyā, or: Lives of the prophets, Band 24. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p.69. ISBN 978-9-004-12589-6. Forsyth, Neil (1987). The Satanic Epic. Princeton University Press; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-691-11339-4.LaVeyan Satanists embrace the original etymological meaning of the word "Satan" ( Hebrew: שָּׂטָן satan, meaning "adversary"). According to Peter H. Gilmore, "The Church of Satan has chosen Satan as its primary symbol because in Hebrew it means adversary, opposer, one to accuse or question. We see ourselves as being these Satans; the adversaries, opposers and accusers of all spiritual belief systems that would try to hamper enjoyment of our life as a human being." [237] Atheistic Satanism, as practiced by the Satanic Temple and by followers of LaVeyan Satanism, holds that Satan does not exist as a literal anthropomorphic entity, but rather as a symbol of a cosmos which Satanists perceive to be permeated and motivated by a force that has been given many names by humans over the course of time. In this religion, "Satan" is not viewed or depicted as a hubristic, irrational, and fraudulent creature, but rather is revered with Prometheus-like attributes, symbolizing liberty and individual empowerment. To adherents, he also serves as a conceptual framework and an external metaphorical projection of the Satanist's highest personal potential. [235] In his essay "Satanism: The Feared Religion", the current High Priest of the Church of Satan, Peter H. Gilmore, further expounds that "...Satan is a symbol of Man living as his prideful, carnal nature dictates. The reality behind Satan is simply the dark evolutionary force of entropy that permeates all of nature and provides the drive for survival and propagation inherent in all living things. Satan is not a conscious entity to be worshiped, rather a reservoir of power inside each human to be tapped at will". [236] Rachel Adelman The Return of the Repressed: Pirqe De-Rabbi Eliezer p65 "However, in the parallel versions of the story in Chronicles, it is Satan (without the definite article),"
Medieval Christians were known to adapt previously existing pagan iconography to suit depictions of Christian figures. [277] [273] Much of Satan's traditional iconography in Christianity appears to be derived from Pan, [277] [273] a rustic, goat-legged fertility god in ancient Greek religion. [277] [273] Early Christian writers such as Saint Jerome equated the Greek satyrs and the Roman fauns, whom Pan resembled, with demons. [277] [273] The Devil's pitchfork appears to have been adapted from the trident wielded by the Greek god Poseidon [273] and Satan's flame-like hair seems to have originated from the Egyptian god Bes. [273] By the High Middle Ages, Satan and devils appear in all works of Christian art: in paintings, sculptures, and on cathedrals. [279] Satan is usually depicted naked, [273] but his genitals are rarely shown and are often covered by animal furs. [273] The goat-like portrayal of Satan was especially closely associated with him in his role as the object of worship by sorcerers [280] and as the incubus, a demon believed to rape human women in their sleep. [280] Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009), "Satan", Encyclopedia of Islam, New York City: Infobase Publishing, pp.603–604, ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1 During the Second Temple Period, when Jews were living in the Achaemenid Empire, Judaism was heavily influenced by Zoroastrianism, the religion of the Achaemenids. [34] [8] [35] Jewish conceptions of Satan were impacted by Angra Mainyu, [8] [36] the Zoroastrian spirit of evil, darkness, and ignorance. [8] In the Septuagint, the Hebrew ha-Satan in Job and Zechariah is translated by the Greek word diabolos (slanderer), the same word in the Greek New Testament from which the English word " devil" is derived. [37] Where satan is used to refer to human enemies in the Hebrew Bible, such as Hadad the Edomite and Rezon the Syrian, the word is left untranslated but transliterated in the Greek as satan, a neologism in Greek. [37] Coogan, Michael D.; A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in Its Context, Oxford University Press, 2009 Satan, [a] also known as the Devil, [b] and sometimes also called Lucifer in Christianity, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood. In Judaism, Satan is seen as an agent subservient to God, typically regarded as a metaphor for the yetzer hara, or "evil inclination". In Christianity and Islam, he is usually seen as a fallen angel or jinn who has rebelled against God, who nevertheless allows him temporary power over the fallen world and a host of demons. In the Quran, Shaitan, also known as Iblis, is an entity made of fire who was cast out of Heaven because he refused to bow before the newly created Adam and incites humans to sin by infecting their minds with waswās ("evil suggestions").
Kohler, Kaufmann (1923), Heaven and Hell in Comparative Religion with Special Reference to Dante's Divine Comedy, New York City, New York: The Macmillan Company
Take a 1-minute survey to join our mailing list and receive a free ebook in the format of your choosing. Read on your preferred digital device, including smart phones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers. Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1995). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: NED-SAM. Brill. p.94. ISBN 9789004098343. Chronicles 21:1, "Satan stood up against Israel" (KJV) or "And there standeth up an adversary against Israel" ( Young's Literal Translation) [13] Unsworth, Cathi (2 November 2015). "Rather Be the Devil by Ian Rankin review – Rebus is on the case and off the cigarettes". The Guardian . Retrieved 13 November 2016. Calt, Stephen (August 21, 1994). I'd Rather Be the Devil: Skip James and the Blues. Chicago Review Press. p.124. ISBN 1569769982 . Retrieved September 4, 2022.Russell, Jeffrey Burton. The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity (1987a) excerpt and text search Historical development Hebrew Bible Balaam and the Angel (1836) by Gustav Jäger. The angel in this incident is referred to as a "satan". [6] So will the author really allow “Hank Marvin” to bring down a creation at the height of his powers? That would be telling. Though, he still has another decade to go to match Conan Doyle and Holmes … Jabbour, Nabeel (2014), The Crescent through the Eyes of the Cross: Insights from an Arab Christian, London: Omnibus Press, ISBN 978-1-61521-512-6 The word does not occur in the Book of Genesis, which mentions only a talking serpent and does not identify the serpent with any supernatural entity. [15] The first occurrence of the word "satan" in the Hebrew Bible in reference to a supernatural figure comes from Numbers 22:22 [16], [7] which describes the Angel of Yahweh confronting Balaam on his donkey: [6] "Balaam's departure aroused the wrath of Elohim, and the Angel of Yahweh stood in the road as a satan against him." [7] In 2 Samuel 24, [17] Yahweh sends the "Angel of Yahweh" to inflict a plague against Israel for three days, killing 70,000 people as punishment for David having taken a census without his approval. [18] 1 Chronicles 21:1 [19] repeats this story, [18] but replaces the "Angel of Yahweh" with an entity referred to as "a satan". [18]
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