The Betrayer: How An Undercover Unit Infiltrated The Global Drug Trade

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Although Judas Iscariot's historical existence is generally widely accepted among secular historians, [4] [5] [6] [7] this relative consensus has not gone entirely unchallenged. [5] The earliest possible allusion to Judas comes from the First Epistle to the Corinthians 11:23–24, in which Paul the Apostle does not mention Judas by name, [8] [9] but uses the passive voice of the Greek word paradídōmi (παραδίδωμι), which most Bible translations render as "was betrayed": [8] [9] "...the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread..." [8] Nonetheless, some biblical scholars argue that the word paradídōmi should be translated as "was handed over". [8] [9] This translation could still refer to Judas, [8] [9] but it could also instead refer to God metaphorically "handing Jesus over" to the Romans. [8] Smith, Barry D. (2010). The Meaning of Jesus' Death: Reviewing the New Testament's Interpretations. T&T Clark. p. 93. ISBN 978-0567670694. extraordinaryform.org/propers/Lent6thThursday-HolyD20.pdf". Extraordinary Form.org . Retrieved 28 December 2022. Many different accounts of Judas's death have survived from antiquity, both within and outside the New Testament. [36] [37] Matthew 27:1–10 states that, after learning that Jesus was to be crucified, Judas was overcome by remorse and attempted to return the 30 pieces of silver to the priests, but they would not accept them because they were blood money, so he threw them on the ground and left. Afterwards, he committed suicide by hanging himself [38] according to Mosaic law ( Deuteronomy 21:22–23 [39]). The priests then used the money to buy a potter's field, which became known as Akeldama (חקל דמא – khakel dama) – the Field of Blood – because it had been bought with blood money. [38] Acts 1:18 states that Judas used the money to buy a field, [38] [40] and "[fell] headlong... burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out." [38] In this account, Judas's death is apparently by accident [38] and he shows no signs of remorse. [38]

Before the magazine's edition was circulated, other news media gave exposure to the story, abridging and selectively reporting it. [75]As the elite warriors of the Night Sentinels began a foray into Hell to destroy the Nekravol and cut off the Argent energy which was corrupting their civilization in service of the Maykrs, only to be scattered and trapped in Hell by the Hell priests, another plot unfolded. Commander Valen had earlier lost his son in the struggles against Hell. The Hell priest Deag Grav, in concert with the demons, began to torment Valen with visions of his son suffering a tortured existence. The Gospels suggest that Jesus foresaw ( John 6:64, Matthew 26:25) and allowed Judas's betrayal ( John 13:27–28). [73] One explanation is that Jesus allowed the betrayal because it would allow God's plan to be fulfilled. Another is that regardless of the betrayal, Jesus was ultimately destined for crucifixion. [74] In April 2006, a Coptic papyrus manuscript titled the Gospel of Judas from 200 AD was translated, suggesting that Jesus told Judas to betray him, [75] although some scholars question the translation. [76] [77] Nevertheless, the Gospel of Judas is an apocryphal Gnostic Gospel composed in the 2nd century and some scholars agree that it contains no real historical information. [78] Freyd, J. J ., Klest, B., & Allard, C. B. (2005) Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(3), 83-104. Although the sanctification of the instruments of the Passion of Jesus (the so-called Arma Christi), that slowly accrued over the course of the Middle Ages in Christian symbolism and art, also included the head and lips of Judas, [129] the term Judas has entered many languages as a synonym for betrayer, and Judas has become the archetype of the traitor in Western art and literature. Judas is given some role in virtually all literature telling the Passion story, and appears in numerous modern novels and movies.

Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Judas's epithet "Iscariot" ( Ὶσκάριωθ or Ὶσκαριώτης), which distinguishes him from the other people named "Judas" in the gospels, is usually thought to be a Greek rendering of the Hebrew phrase איש־קריות, ( Κ-Qrîyôt), meaning "the man from Kerioth". [17] [9] [18] This interpretation is supported by the statement in the Gospel of John 6:71 that Judas was "the son of Simon Iscariot". [9] Nonetheless, this interpretation of the name is not fully accepted by all scholars. [17] [9] One of the most popular alternative explanations holds that "Iscariot" ( ܣܟܪܝܘܛܐ, 'Skaryota' in Syriac Aramaic, per the Peshitta text) may be a corruption of the Latin word sicarius, meaning "dagger man", [17] [9] [19] [20] which referred to a member of the Sicarii ( סיקריים in Aramaic), a group of Jewish rebels who were known for committing acts of terrorism in the 40s and 50s AD by assassinating people in crowds using long knives hidden under their cloaks. [17] [9] This interpretation is problematic, however, because there is nothing in the gospels to associate Judas with the Sicarii, [9] and there is no evidence that the cadre existed during the 30s AD when Judas was alive. [21] [9]Betrayer" redirects here. For other uses, see Betrayer (disambiguation). Kiss of Judas, 1304-06 by Giotto shows Judas betraying Jesus. The Gospel of Mark gives no motive for Judas's betrayal but does present Jesus predicting it at the Last Supper, an event also described in all the other gospels. The Gospel of Matthew 26:15 states that Judas committed the betrayal in exchange for thirty pieces of silver. The Gospel of Luke 22:3 and the Gospel of John 13:27 suggest that he was possessed by Satan. According to Matthew 27:1–10, after learning that Jesus was to be crucified, Judas attempted to return the money he had been paid for his betrayal to the chief priests and hanged himself. [2] The priests used the money to buy a field to bury strangers in, which was called the " Field of Blood" because it had been bought with blood money. The Book of Acts 1:18 quotes Peter as saying that Judas used the money to buy the field himself and, he "[fell] headlong... burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out." His place among the Twelve Apostles was later filled by Matthias. a b Spong, John Shelby (2009). The Sins of Scripture. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0060778408. This year I’ve been challenging myself to read a random eBook from every genre that my local library has to offer, making my way through them alphabetically. Representations and symbolism [ edit ] A red-haired Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss in a Spanish paso figure.

Malloy, Christopher (2021). False Mercy: Recent Heresies Distorting Catholic Truth. Sophia Institute Press. p.41.

There have always been those who have wanted to tie Judas's betrayal to the fact that he had a love of money,” Cargill points out. Others have suggested a more political motive for his traitorous act. According to this theory, Judas might have become disillusioned when Jesus showed little interest in fomenting a rebellion against the Romans and reestablishing an independent kingdom of Israel. Due to his notorious role in all the gospel narratives, Judas remains a controversial figure in Christian history. His betrayal is seen as setting in motion the events that led to Jesus's crucifixion and resurrection, which, according to traditional Christian theology brought salvation to humanity. The Gnostic Gospel of Judas—rejected by the proto-orthodox Church as heretical—portrays Judas's actions as done in obedience to instructions given to him by Jesus, and that he alone amongst the disciples knew Jesus's true teachings. Since the Middle Ages, Judas has sometimes been portrayed as a personification of the Jewish people and his betrayal has been used to justify Christian antisemitism. [3] Historicity [ edit ]

Ehrman argues that Judas's betrayal "is about as historically certain as anything else in the tradition", [4] [17] pointing out that the betrayal is independently attested in the Gospel of Mark, in the Gospel of John, and in the Book of Acts. [4] [17] Ehrman also contends that it is highly unlikely that early Christians would have made up the story of Judas's betrayal, since it reflects poorly on Jesus's judgement in choosing him as an apostle. [4] [34] Nonetheless, Ehrman argues that what Judas actually told the authorities was not Jesus's location, but rather Jesus's secret teaching that he was the Messiah. [4] This, he holds, explains why the authorities did not try to arrest Jesus prior to Judas's betrayal. [4] John P. Meier sums up the historical consensus, stating, "We only know two basic facts about [Judas]: (1) Jesus chose him as one of the Twelve, and (2) he handed over Jesus to the Jerusalem authorities, thus precipitating Jesus's execution." [35] Death [ edit ] 16th-century fresco from Tarzhishte Monastery, Strupets, Bulgaria, showing Judas hanging himself as described in Matthew 27:1–10 From the moment he plants a kiss on Jesus of Nazareth in the Garden of Gethsemane, Judas Iscariot sealed his own fate: to be remembered as history’s most famous traitor. a b p. 256 White, Joseph Blanco. Letters from Spain. H. Colburn. ISBN 9781508427162. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017 . Retrieved 19 July 2016. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link) of Letters from Spain, Joseph Blanco White, H. Colburn, 1825. In C. K. Stead's 2006 novel My Name Was Judas, Judas, who was then known as Idas of Sidon, recounts the story of Jesus as recalled by him some forty years later. [145] The Monthly Christian Spectator 1851–1859 p. 459 "while some writers regard the account of Judas's death as simply figurative ..seized with preternatural anguish for his crime and its consequences his bowels gushed out."

Toal, M.F., ed. (1958). Sunday Sermons of the Great Fathers. Vol.2: Henry Regnery Co. p.183. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location ( link) Kent, William Henry (1910). "Judas Iscariot". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.8. New York: Robert Appleton Company.