Criminology

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What is criminology? This is a question that is deceptively simple in appearance, but really quite tricky to answer with great certainty. It is tricky partly because, as we will see, criminology is a mixture of different disciplines, differing objects of study and some dispute over where, precisely, its boundaries actually lie and should lie. Importantly, however, the fact that we begin with this question assumes that you are new to this subject. Indeed, that is the underlying assumption. This book is designed as an introduction for students who are studying criminology. I have endeavoured not to make too many assumptions about pre-existing knowledge of the subject and, wherever possible, I will hope to begin from basics and work progressively toward more complex ideas or arguments. Criminology is a strange beast. With origins in applied medico-legal science, psychiatry, a scientifically oriented psychology and in nineteenthcentury social reform movements, for much of the second half of the twentieth century British criminology was dominated by sociology or at least a predominantly sociological approach to criminology. Times are changing again, however, and a new strand of technical and highly policy-oriented ‘scientific’ criminology has been emerging more recently. During the course of this book you will meet all these variants and should learn how to assess their competing claims. In a masterly analysis of the emergence and development of criminology in Britain, David Garland (2002: 8) introduced the subject in the following way: I take criminology to be a specific genre of discourse and inquiry about crime – a genre that has developed in the modern period and that

Criminology by Tim Newburn eBook | Perlego [PDF] Criminology by Tim Newburn eBook | Perlego

A new chapter on politics, reflecting the ever increasing coverage of political influence and decision-making on criminology courses. Understanding crime and criminology Crime and punishment in history Crime data and crime trends Crime and the media The politics of crime and its controlCrime, Justice and Protecting the Public New Labour and probation The probation service and ‘what works’ A national probation service The Carter Review and the emergence of NOMS The Coalition and Transforming Rehabilitation Conclusion Questions for further discussion Further reading Websites The ‘Lombrosian project’ – studies which sought to examine the characteristics of ‘criminals’ and ‘non-criminals’ with a view to being able to distinguish the groups, thereby developing an understanding of the causes of crime. Sociological criminology and the continued invisibility of women Development of modern feminist criminology Female emancipation and crime Carol Smart and feminist criminology Contemporary feminist criminology Understanding women’s involvement in crime Women, prison and punishment The nature of women’s imprisonment Criminalisation of women A feminist methodology? Feminist victimology Assessing feminist criminology Questions for further discussion Further reading Websites Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements Multi-Agency Public Protection Panel Mother and Baby Unit Ministry of Justice (formerly DCA) Metropolitan Police Authority Metropolitan Police Service Minimum Use of Force Tactical Intervention squad British Association for Women in Policing British Crime Survey (see also CSEW) Basic Command Unit British Society of Criminology

Social disadvantage, crime, and punishment - London School of

An interdisciplinary subject Thortsen Sellin, an American criminologist writing in the 1930s, once observed that the ‘criminologist does not exist who is an expert in all the disciplines which converge in the study of crime’ (Sellin, 1970: 6). As a criminology student you will quickly discover just how many disciplinary approaches are utilised in studying crime and criminal justice. In this book you will come across work by psychologists, sociologists, political scientists, lawyers, historians, geographers and others, all working within the subject of criminology. That they do so is one of criminology’s great strengths. Different disciplines have been dominant at different points in the history of criminology, and there are differing orientations to be found within criminology in different countries. Nevertheless, as you will see as this book progresses, criminology is influenced by, and draws upon, psychology, sociology, legal theory, history and other subjects besides. This raises a number of issues. It means that not only will you find a number of different approaches being taken to the subject matter, but that sometimes these approaches will appear rather at odds with each other. This is one of the great challenges within criminology and, though it can occasionally seem daunting, it is one of the characteristics which I think makes the discipline attractive. Linked with this is the question of whether it is appropriate to use the word discipline at all. Criminology, as I have suggested, draws from disciplines such as psychology and sociology, and there has been quite some debate about whether criminology can lay claim to such status itself (I tend to think not). This is not an argument we can resolve here. The British criminologist David Downes once described criminology as a ‘rendezvous subject’. He did so Fully updated to reflect recent developments in the field and extensively illustrated, this authoritative text, written by a leading criminologist and experienced lecturer, is essential reading for all students of Criminology and related fields. National Association of Probation Officers National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies National Association of Victims Support Schemes National Crime Agency (formerly SOCA) National Criminal Intelligence Service National Crime Recording Standard National Deviancy Conference National Drugs Intelligence Unit Non-Departmental Public Body National Football Intelligence Unit Northern Ireland Crime Survey National Intelligence Model National Offender Management Service

Volunteers in the criminal justice system Criminal justice in Scotland Is it really a system? The criminal justice process Fixed penalty notices Expenditure and employment Management and oversight in criminal justice New public management Youth Justice Board Inspectorates Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary for England, Wales and Northern Ireland (HMIC) Her Majesty’s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (HMIP) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation for England and Wales (HMI Probation) Prisons and Probation Ombudsman Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) Politics and criminal justice reform Understanding criminal justice Adversarial versus inquisitorial systems Due process versus crime control Questions for further discussion Further reading Websites Introduction The advent of ‘penal welfarism’ End of the first bipartisan consensus Managerialism Centralisation The politics of crime and punishment in the USA Criminology is a flexible resource. It can be used as an introductory text for Criminology, as well as related courses on criminal justice, criminological theory, crime and society, understanding crime and punishment and criminological research methods. White-collar and corporate crime Introduction Edwin Sutherland and white-collar crime Distinguishing between white-collar and corporate crime Exploring white-collar crime Theft at work Fraud Employment offences Consumer offences Food offences Environmental crime State-corporate crime Explaining white-collar and corporate crime Differential association Self-control Neutralisation Critical theory Shaming Understanding white-collar crime White-collar offenders

Criminology: A Very Short Introduction What is crime? | Criminology: A Very Short Introduction

Understanding criminal justice Government and criminal justice Home Office Home Secretary Ministry of Justice Attorney General’s Office The criminal justice system Major agencies, organisations and actors The police Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) Probation Youth Offending Teams Prisons Criminal courts Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs) Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) Forensic Science Service (FSS) Parole BoardGender, crime and justice Female and male offending Reasons for offending Women and the criminal justice process Cautioning, arrest and prosecution The use of custody Women in prison Mothers in prison Understanding women and criminal justice Women in the criminal justice system: the future Victimisation Fear of crime Violence against women Domestic violence The perpetrators Policing rape and domestic violence Policy changes Attrition Women’s role in social control Women in the police Women in the probation and prison services (NOMS) Women and the legal professions Masculinity, men and victimisation Male victimisation Conclusion Introduction The emergence of labelling theory Primary and secondary deviance Becker’s outsiders Moral entrepreneurship ‘Becoming a marijuana user’ Stigma Self-fulfilling prophecy Deviancy amplification Folk Devils and Moral Panics Braithwaite and ‘shaming’ Assessing labelling theory Questions for further discussion Further reading Websites strengths of the first two. There are few texts on the market, if any, which balance comprehensive coverage and accessibility as well as this one."