The Knights of Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes

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a b 再發"參拜靖國神社"論 李登輝媚日情結大起底 3 November 2010. People's Daily. 兩岸網. 3 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013 . Retrieved 1 October 2012. Martial arts scholar Ogasawara Sakuun compiled 20 scrolls called Shoke no Hyōjō about the military arts in 1621. [1] Therein bushido is described as iji (willpower). [1] The scrolls describe the essence of bushido as the strength to not yield to rewards or power, but adhere to personal convictions that dominate one's inner principles. [1] During the Genna era (1615–1624) of the Edo period and later, the concept of "the way of the gentleman" (Shidō) was newly established by the philosopher and strategist Yamaga Sokō (1622–1685) and others who tried to explain this value in the morality of the Confucian Cheng–Zhu school. For the first time, Confucian ethics (such as Honor and Humanity", "filial piety") became the norm required by samurai. [73] Yamaga Sokō was widely viewed as the "Sage of Bushidō" in early twentieth-century Japan. [45] :8-9, 12, 31-32, 86. Dennis J. Frost (2010). Seeing Stars: Sports Celebrity, Identity, and Body Culture in Modern Japan. Harvard University Press. pp.53–54. ISBN 978-0-674-05610-7.

Bushido - Wikipedia

Nitobe Inazō, Bushido: The Warrior's Code (Ohara Publications, 1979), p. 14. Bushido is available on the Internet as a Google book and as part of Project Gutenberg https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12096 In the early 17th century, the term bushidō ( 武士道) with its on'yomi reading was used alongside the synonymous alternative form ( 武士の道), read using native Japanese vocabulary ( kun'yomi) as mono no fu no michi. [17] [18] Another important term is bushi katagi ( 武士気質, literally 'warrior temperament'). [22] Usage [ edit ]He wrote the book Deadman's Hill: Was Hanratty Guilty? in 1965, which asserted wrongful conviction in the case. Lord Russell and his wife suffered significant harassment, in the form of frequent anonymous telephone calls, from Peter Louis Alphon, who had been an early suspect in the murder, before James Hanratty was found guilty and hanged in April 1962. Alphon was convicted and fined for this harassment, and his long-running involvement in the matter has remained controversial. [3] This case has continued to attract significant interest, with several further books, articles and television programmes investigating it, with many asserting Hanratty's wrongful conviction, and some key aspects are still unclear. ed.). 武士道の倫理 山鹿素行の場合[ "Ethics of Samurai Road, In the Case of Motoyuki Yamaka] (in Japanese). 麗澤大学出版会. ISBN 978-4892055126. Japan Self-Defense Force | Defending Japan". Defendingjapan.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015 . Retrieved 2014-08-03. Hall, John Whitney, ed. (1988). The Cambridge history of Japan Vol. 4: Early Modern Japan. James L. McClain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22352-0. OCLC 17483588. The practice of beheading captured soldiers and prisoners originates from samurai culture in the 14th century or earlier. [36] [64] Japanese propaganda claimed prisoners of war captured during the Second World War denied mistreatment, and declared they were treated well by virtue of bushido generosity. [104] Broadcast interviews with prisoners were described as not propaganda and voluntarily given based on such sympathy for the enemy that only bushido could inspire. [105]

Knights of Bushido by Russell - AbeBooks Knights of Bushido by Russell - AbeBooks

Lee Teng-hui, former President of the Republic of China, "武士道解題 做人的根本 蕭志強譯" in Chinese，前衛, "「武士道」解題―ノーブレス・オブリージュとは" in Japanese，小学館，(2003), ISBN 4-09-387370-4 In the 10th and 11th century there was the Way of the Man-At-Arms (Tsuwamon no michi), and the Way of the Bow and Arrows (Kyûsen / kyûya no Michi). [ citation needed] At the time of the Genpei War (1180–1185), it was called "Way of the Bow and the Horse" (弓馬の道, kyūba no michi) [1] because of the major importance of this style of combat for the warriors of the time, and because it was considered a traditional method, that of the oldest samurai heroes, such as Prince Shōtoku, Minamoto no Yorimitsu and Minamoto no Yoshiie (Hachimantarō). According to Louis Frédéric, the kyūba no michi appeared around the 10th century as a set of rules and unwritten customs that samurai were expected to comply. [51] There was also "Yumiya toru mi no narai" (customs for those who draw the bow). [1] This shows there was an emerging sense of ideal warrior behavior that evolved from daily training and warfare experience. [42] a b c Nitobe, Inazō (2010). Bushido, The Soul of Japan. Kodansha International. p.81. ISBN 9784770050113. Bushidō expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed sincerity, frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honour to the death. Under the bushidō ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could only regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide). [41] The core of bushido consists of a combination of teachings from Japan's three main philosophical traditions: 1. Buddhist precepts of serenity, stoicism, and non-attachment to life. 2. Shinto notions of fidelity and patriotism, and 3. Confucian morality. [11] People imbued with bushi katagi ( 武士気質, lit. "samurai spirit") can serenely carry out their work in the face of any adversity, and have the willpower to master themselves. [11] Taira Shigesuke, Daidōji Yūzan wrote Bushido Shoshinshu (武道初心集) (pre-1730) which provides practical and moral instructions for samurai to improve personal, social and professional standards. [4]

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a b c d Kawakami, Tasuke (1952). "Bushidō in its Formative Period". The Annals of the Hitotsubashi Academy. 3 (1): 65–83. JSTOR 43751264. a b c d e f g h i j "A Samurai's Collection of Human Heads". YouTube. Smithsonian Channel. March 25, 2014. Archived from the original on January 18, 2015. Respected karate‐ka Kousaku Yokota explains how Bujutsu could be considered the "art of fighting or killing" and encompasses a 'win at all costs' mentality required for battlefield survival (Yokota, 2010, p. 185). Conversely, Budo could be considered the "art of living or life" and enables a practitioner to live "honestly and righteously or at least with principles". Expanding on both these points, Deshimaru (1982, p. 11; p. 46) reports that the ideogram for bu means to "the cease the struggle" and that "in Budo the point is...to find peace and mastery of the self" [46]