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The Arachis genus is native to South America, east of the Andes, around Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Brazil. [8] Cultivated peanuts ( A. hypogaea) arose from a hybrid between two wild species of peanut, thought to be A. duranensis and A. ipaensis. [8] [9] [10] The initial hybrid would have been sterile, but spontaneous chromosome doubling restored its fertility, forming what is termed an amphidiploid or allotetraploid. [8] Genetic analysis suggests the hybridization may have occurred only once and gave rise to A. monticola, a wild form of peanut that occurs in a few limited locations in northwestern Argentina, or in southeastern Bolivia, where the peanut landraces with the most wild-like features are grown today, [11] and by artificial selection to A. hypogaea. [8] [9] Meds & Food For Kids::— Medika Mamba". mfkhaiti.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2010 . Retrieved April 23, 2010. Cultivars of Runners include 'Southeastern Runner 56-15', 'Dixie Runner', 'Early Runner', 'Virginia Bunch 67', 'Bradford Runner', 'Egyptian Giant' (also known as 'Virginia Bunch' and 'Giant'), 'Rhodesian Spanish Bunch' (Valencia and Virginia Bunch), 'North Carolina Runner 56-15', 'Florunner', 'Virugard', 'Georgia Green', 'Tamrun 96', 'Flavor Runner 458', 'Tamrun OL01', 'Tamrun OL02' 'AT-120', 'Andru-93', 'Southern Runner', 'AT1-1', 'Georgia Brown', 'GK-7', and 'AT-108'. Since 1940, the southeastern US region has seen a shift to producing Runner group peanuts. This shift is due to good flavor, better roasting characteristics, and higher yields when compared to Spanish types, leading to food manufacturers' preference for the use in peanut butter and salted nuts. Georgia's production is now almost 100% Runner-type. [41] Peanuts grow best in light, sandy loam soil with a pH of 5.9–7. Their capacity to fix nitrogen means that providing they nodulate properly, peanuts benefit little or not at all from nitrogen-containing fertilizer, [69] and they improve soil fertility. Therefore, they are valuable in crop rotations. Also, the yield of the peanut crop itself is increased in rotations through reduced diseases, pests, and weeds. For example, in Texas, peanuts in a three-year rotation with corn yield 50% more than nonrotated peanuts. [69] Adequate levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and micronutrients are also necessary for good yields. [69] Peanuts need warm weather throughout the growing season to develop well. They can be grown with as little as 350mm (14in) of water, [70] but for best yields need at least 500mm (20in). [71] Depending on growing conditions and the cultivar of peanut, harvest is usually 90 to 130 days after planting for subspecies A. h. fastigiata types, and 120 to 150 days after planting for subspecies A. h. hypogaea types. [70] [72] [73] Subspecies A. h. hypogaea types yield more and are usually preferred where the growing seasons are sufficiently long.
Why Are Peanuts Called Monkey Nuts? - Eat For Longer Why Are Peanuts Called Monkey Nuts? - Eat For Longer
The oldest known archeological remains of pods have been dated at about 7,600 years old, possibly a wild species that was in cultivation, or A. hypogaea in the early phase of domestication. [12] They were found in Peru, where dry climatic conditions are favorable for the preservation of organic material. Almost certainly, peanut cultivation antedated this at the center of origin where the climate is moister. Many pre-Columbian cultures, such as the Moche, depicted peanuts in their art. [13] Cultivation was well-established in Mesoamerica before the Spanish arrived. There, the conquistadors found the tlālcacahuatl (the plant's Nahuatl name, hence the name in Spanish cacahuete) offered for sale in the marketplace of Tenochtitlan. European traders later spread the peanut worldwide, and cultivation is now widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In West Africa, it substantially replaced a crop plant from the same family, the Bambara groundnut, whose seed pods also develop underground. [ citation needed] In Asia, it became an agricultural mainstay, and this region is now the largest producer in the world. [14] Finally, one study investigating peanut poisoning found 37 dogs became seriously unwell after eating peanuts, from 1996-2009. Gastrointestinal, neuromuscular and liver issues were reported, and two dogs later died. There has not yet been an answer why these dogs became ill. A possible cause may be contamination of the peanuts with toxins or fungi, or salt toxicity. Despite 37 cases of peanut poisoning reported in 13 years being a tiny number, it does show there is a possible danger to feed peanuts to some dogs. The flowers are 1 to 1.5cm ( 3⁄ 8 to 5⁄ 8in) across, and yellowish orange with reddish veining. [11] [15] They are borne in axillary clusters on the stems above ground and last for just one day. The ovary is located at the base of what appears to be the flower stem but is a highly elongated floral cup.The history of peanut soup". The Virginia Marketplace. September 19, 2012 . Retrieved December 6, 2017. The Peanut Institute – Peanut Facts". peanut-institute.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Studies comparing age of peanut introduction in Great Britain with introduction in Israel showed that delaying exposure to peanuts in childhood can dramatically increase the risk of developing peanut allergies. [29] [30] Marsalis, Mark; Puppala, Naveen; Goldberg, Natalie; Ashigh, Jamshid; Sanogo, Soumaila; Trostle, Calvin (July 2009). "New Mexico Peanut Production" (PDF). Circular-645. New Mexico State University . Retrieved October 16, 2015.
Salted nuts vs roasted nuts – which is healthier Salted nuts vs roasted nuts – which is healthier
A study also found that peanuts’ papery skin’s phenolic content helps fight type 2 diabetes by reducing blood sugar spikes. Hoffman DR, Collins-Williams C (1994). "Cold-pressed peanut oils may contain peanut allergen". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 93 (4): 801–2. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90262-3. PMID 8163791.This doesn't mean monkey nuts are bad for your weight loss, you just need to ensure your measuring out your portion, eating them out of the bag could lead you well over your syns. Shi L, Lu JY, Jones G, Loretan PA, Hill WA (1998). "Characteristics and composition of peanut oil prepared by an aqueous extraction method". Life Support Biosph Sci. 5 (2): 225–9. PMID 11541680. Peanut allergy has been associated with the use of skin preparations containing peanut oil among children, but the evidence is not regarded as conclusive. [31] Peanut allergies have also been associated with family history and intake of soy products. [31] After the peanuts have dried sufficiently, they are threshed, removing the peanut pods from the rest of the bush. [74] peanuts must be dried properly and stored in dry conditions. If they are too high in moisture, or if storage conditions are poor, they may become infected by the mold fungus Aspergillus flavus. Many strains of this fungus release toxic and highly carcinogenic substances called aflatoxins.
Roasted nuts recipe - BBC Food Roasted nuts recipe - BBC Food
a b Schilling, Robert (February 5, 2003). "L'arachide histoire et perspectives". L'arachide histoire et perspectives. Agropolis Museum . Retrieved October 16, 2015. a b c Bilello, Stanley (October 10, 2016). 21st Century Homestead: Nitrogen-Fixing Crops. Lulu.com. pp.93–94. ISBN 9781365452901. [ self-published source] Resveratrol". Micronutrient Information Center. Corvallis, OR: Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2016. Likewise, during colonial times in Peru, the Spanish used peanuts to replace nuts unavailable locally but used extensively in Spanish cuisine, such as almonds and pine nuts, typically ground or as a paste mixed with rice, meats, and vegetables for dishes like rice pilaf. The unsaturated fat profile makes it a great alternative to tree nuts by lowering cholesterol levels, heart failure, and stroke risks.The high magnesium content of peanuts makes them a great source for fighting metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The peanut is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50cm (12 to 20in) tall. [15] As a legume, it belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae, also known as Leguminosae, and commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. [1] Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. [6] The peanut belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. [1] Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. [6] The capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations. Another interesting benefit of peanuts is that, according to observational studies, they may help prevent gallstones. Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1997.
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