Lingva Franka (Russian Edition)

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The term lingua franca derives from Mediterranean Lingua Franca (also known as Sabir), the pidgin language that people around the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean Sea used as the main language of commerce and diplomacy from late medieval times to the 18th century, most notably during the Renaissance era.

Лінгва франка — Вікіпедія

Clearly, the role of English as the chosen foreign language of communication in Europe is an extremely important one, and one that is on the increase. French is the official language of the Universal Postal Union, with English added as a working language in 1994. citation needed] Standard Chinese [ edit ] A letter dated 1266 from Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire to the " King of Japan" (日本國王) was written in Classical Chinese. During apartheid, the South African government aimed to establish Afrikaans as the primary lingua franca in South Africa and South African-controlled South-West Africa (now Namibia), although English was also in common use.Used by more than a billion Muslims around the world, [8] it is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Today it is still widely spoken although it has given way to Spanish as the more common lingua franca. Similarly, it is spoken by the Nepalese living in the state of Assam and other Northeast Indian states. The term 'lingua franca' itself is an extension of the use of the name of the original 'Lingua Franca,' a Medieval trading pidgin used in the Mediterranean region. Generally, a lingua franca is a third language that is distinct from the native language of both parties involved in the communication.

English as a lingua franca - Wikipedia

The rise of English in diplomacy began in 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles was written in English as well as in French, the dominant language used in diplomacy until that time. Dutch scholar, Francois Valentijn (1666–1727) described the use of Malay in the region as being equivalent to the contemporary use of Latin and French in Europe. For example, English is a vernacular in the United Kingdom but it is used as a lingua franca in the Philippines, alongside Filipino.Whereas a vernacular language is the native language of a specific geographical community, [12] a lingua franca is used beyond the boundaries of its original community, for trade, religious, political, or academic reasons.

Lingua franca – Wikipedie Lingua franca – Wikipedie

The term is well established in its naturalization to English and so major dictionaries do not italicize it as a "foreign" term. The widespread use of English was further advanced by the prominent international role played by English-speaking nations (the United States and the Commonwealth of Nations) in the aftermath of World War II, particularly in the establishment and organization of the United Nations. This transition in meaning has been attributed to the idea that pidgin languages only became widely known from the 16th century on due to European colonization of continents such as The Americas, Africa, and Asia. Quechua also lost influence to Spanish as the commerce circuits grew to integrate other parts of the Spanish Empire where Quechua was unknown, for example in the Rio de la Plata. Hausa is widely spoken throughout Nigeria and Niger and recognised in neighbouring states such as Ghana, Benin, and Cameroon.It has official language status in the formerly independent state of Sikkim and in West Bengal's Darjeeling district.

Lingua franca | Multilingualism, Intercultural Communication

During the Renaissance, standard Italian was spoken as a language of culture in the main royal courts of Europe, and among intellectuals. It is also important to note that because pidgins develop out of sporadic contact between people and is a simplification of different languages, pidgins generally have no native speakers. A pidgin is a simplified version of one language that combines the vocabulary of a number of different languages.An Azerbaijanian koiné functioned for centuries as a lingua franca, serving trade and intergroup communication all over Persia, in the Caucasus region and in southeastern Dagestan. The rise of English in diplomacy began in 1919, after World War I, when the Treaty of Versailles was written in English as well as in French. lingua franca, (Italian: “Frankish language”) language used as a means of communication between populations speaking vernaculars that are not mutually intelligible. Over time, Latin lost its importance as a lingua franca in Europe and other languages took over – for example, French – which became the language of diplomacy and culture; and German – which became the language of science and technology until the first part of the 20th century. The Sogdians also ended up circulating spiritual beliefs and texts, including those of Buddhism and Christianity, thanks to their ability to communicate to many people in the region through their native language.