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During the hottest months of the year, temperatures in the Humboldt penguin's home can reach triple digits. In contrast, the Adélie penguin, one of two Antarctic species, has complete feather coverage up to the base of its beak. As with Adélies, marine protected areas could help to safeguard their food sources and partially mitigate some of these adverse effects.
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The birds breed under the protection of the Olearia forests in nests of peat, pebbles, and brush beginning in September. The Humboldt penguin of Chile and Peru lives on the shores of the Atacama Desert, the driest desert in the world where temperatures can reach around 70°F (21°C). A penguin’s feathers serve to regulate body temperature, increase aerodynamic efficiency underwater, and defend against the elements.Once the penguin has warmed up it will move to the outer edge of the group to let another penguin escape from the cold wind!
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The individual function of each feather type is still unclear, but plumules are nearly four times more numerous than contour feathers, leading scientists to believe they serve an important purpose. A study of the king penguin ear showed that their middle ear is protected from pressure changes during diving by a special organ made of cavernous tissue. One study of African penguins found their hearing range to be between 100 and 15,000 Hz, but peak sensitivities were between 600 and 4,000 Hz—in comparison, humans hear between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Fiordland ( Eudyptes pachyrhynchus)– Fiordland penguins have the characteristic yellow tufts of feathers like other crested penguins and live along the temperate rainforests of South Island and Stewart Island of New Zealand. Eastern Rockhopper Penguins rarely spend much time on land, visiting only when they need to breed and molt in the spring, summer, and early fall.Male and female Chinstrap Penguins look very similar, but the male penguins are generally heavier and larger than their female counterparts.
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The crested penguins will eventually only raise one chick; the second egg may not even hatch or in some cases the smaller chick will be ignored by the parents and eventually die (which is often the case for Macaroni penguins). Studies of African, Humboldt and chinstrap penguins indicate some penguins can detect prey using olfactory cues such as chemicals released by foraging krill.
Eradication programmes and specially-trained guard dogs are some of the ways we’re trying to protect these pint-sized penguins. From New Horizons onwards, almost every penguin villager has an igloo-like abode as a reference to Antarctic penguins, although Tex is based on an African penguin (a penguin that tends to live in warmer climates). Already, warming of the East Australian current off the coast of New Zealand is adversely affecting the little penguin.
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Gentoo ( Pygoscelis papua)- The largest of the brush-tailed penguins, this bird is further distinguished by its red beak. Chinstrap ( Pygoscelis antarcticus)- Chinstrap penguins are distinguishable by their white face and a thin black band that runs across the chin.
Their food source comes from the famous Humboldt current, which flows northward from Antarctica and fosters an abundance of aquatic life. Not only were there roughly 40 species, more than twice the number today, but they also grew to be much larger sizes.
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