This goes in hand with the exclusivity of the diet that can reduce dietary antigens intake and the consequent immunologic response, an intensive outcome in CD patients [ 38].

Besides the drug approach, nutritional therapy by exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) or parenteral exclusive nutrition is applied in case of inadequate caloric intake, intestinal complications, and surgery. Albeit the outcome could suggest enhancing the dietary therapy with prebiotics or probiotics, one should note that the contrary could appear if the ensuing microbiota variations are highly specific. It is 100% casein-based, supplemented with optimal levels of lipids and carbohydrates with a low osmolality* level for good feeding tolerance. Host- and Microbe-Dependent Dietary Lipid Metabolism in the Control of Allergy, Inflammation, and Immunity.

However, as reported in the literature until now, the composition appears to be well balanced for CD remission and permits avoiding health status aggravation. Among the studies already mentioned, three of them reported a significant increase in albumin levels. EEN has also the advantage to allow sufficient quantities of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as qualitative consumption without harmful chemicals, improper cooking, and processing consequences [ 22]. This lessening concerns both macrophage cytokines [ 42] and transcriptional level modifications [ 42, 43].

Even if the whole fatty acids content of Modulen ® is not specified, some of them spotlighted may contribute to clinical remission ( Figure 1, right panel) [ 32]. The available data are not sufficient to conclude about Modulen ®’s impact on fistula and other complications, since these are generally exclusion criteria of clinical trials.This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons. Besides, in light of the insights into food promoting inflammation, controlling qualitatively the food intake seems to be an interesting concept.